第二部分.阅读理解(共25小题。第一节每小题2分,第二节每小题1分满分45分)

第一节 阅读  下面五篇短文,从每题后所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。

Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, and now a new study has confirmed that atmospheric CO2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry and potentially harming sea life.

Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific Ocean for almost two decades.

"We've been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we try and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things that we measure is CO2 levels. And we've been able to record this increasing quantity of atmospheric CO2 into the ocean."

Scientists expected that as atmospheric CO2 increased, more and more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular.

"As carbon dioxide dissolves(溶解) in the water, or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid, carbonic acid," Dore explains. "And therefore, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere goes up and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the pH down, and makes it more acidic."

The seawater Dore and his colleagues have analyzed confirms what the theory predicts.

The effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and his colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up CO2 and then moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation.

"It's important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. And it can have negative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It's potentially catastrophic."

1.What can be the best title of the passage?

         A.Sea Life Facing Danger                                  B.Climate Change Affecting Seawater

       C.Oceans Becoming More Acidic                     D.Scientist Researching Seawater

2.Which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric CO2 on sea life?

       a.Sea life is endangered.

       b.CO2 goes into the surface water.

       c.The ocean chemistry is affected.

       d.CO2decreases the PH and makes the seawater more acidic.

     e.CO2 levels in the atmosphere go up.

A.    a    →  b   →  c  →  d   →  e 

B.    e   →  b   --→ c  →  d   →  a 

C.    a    →  e   -→  b  →  c   →  d 

D.    e    →  d   -→  c  →  b   →  a 

3.Scientist Robert Dore came to the conclusion based on        .

    A.his research and analysis

    B.a major cause of climate change

    C.some former theory

    D.the expectation of other scientists

4.What does the passage want to tell us most?

    A.It takes time to make a scientific study.

    B.Atmospheric CO2 is doing harm to sea life.

    C.Robert Dore is a committed and serious scientist.

    D.Measures should be taken to prevent the potential catastrophe.

Electric cars will not be really much cleaner than autos powered by mineral fuels until they rely less on electricity produced from usual coal-fired power plants.

 “For electric vehicles to become a major green alternative, the power fuel has to move away from

coal, or cleaner coal technologies have to be developed,” said Jared Cohon, the chairman of a National

Research Council report released on Monday. About half of US power is produced by

burning coal, which gives off many times more of traditional pollutants than natural gas, and about

twice as much of the main greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Nuclear and renewable power have to

generate a larger portion of US power for electric cars to become much greener compared to

gasoline-powered cars, Cohan, who is president of Carnegie Mellon University, said in an interview.

Advances in coal burning, like capturing carbon at power plants for permanent burial underground,

could also help electric cars become a cleaner alternative to vehicles powered by fossil fuels, he said.

Pollution from energy sources did $120 billion worth of damage to human health, agriculture and

recreation in 2008, and electricity was responsible for more than half of the damage, said the NRC

report.

  Electric cars have their benefits such as reducing imports of foreign oil. But they also have hidden

costs. Materials in electric car batteries are hard to produce, which adds to the energy it takes to make

them. In fact, the health and environmental costs of making electric cars can be 20 percent greater

than usual cars, the report said.

  The report estimated that electric cars could still cost more than gas-powered cars to operate and

manufacture in 2030 unless US power production becomes cleaner.

1. Why are electric cars not clean enough?

   A. Because they run too slowly              B. Because they are too expensive

   C. Because they rely on coal-fired power.      D. Because they give off more carbon dioxide.

2. We can infer from the passage that ______.

   A. electric cars will soon take the place of gas-powered cars

   B. no one holds hope for electric cars at present

   C. electric cars waste more energy than before

   D. some people believe that electric cars are cleaner

3. The underlined word “them” refers to “______”.

   A. electric cars     B. batteries       C. producers        D. materials

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to make electric cars cleaner?

   A. Developing cleaner coal technologies.        B. Making electric cars run faster.

   C. Generating more unclear power.             D. Making advances in coal burning.

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