Birds that are half-asleep—with one brain hemisphere (半球) alert and the other sleeping—control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.

    Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.

    Decades of studies of bird groups led researchers to predict extra alertness in the end-of-the-row sleepers which tend to be attacked more easily. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.

    Also, birds napping at the end of the line depend on single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks did. Turning 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found that compared with 12 percent for birds in internal spots, outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of napping time.

    “We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness at the same time in different regions of the brain,” the researchers say.

     The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing assumption that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds napping side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.

     Useful as half-sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water animals as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.

     Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds’ half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg.” He supposes that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.

66. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because ______.

       A. they have to watch out for possible attacks  B. their brain hemispheres take turns to rest

       C. the two halves of their brain are differently structured

       D. they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions

67. What is implied about the example of a bird’s sleeping in front of a mirror?

       A. An imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security.

       B. Birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of their security.

       C. The phenomenon of birds napping in pairs is widespread.

D. A single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror.

68. While sleeping, some water animals tend to keep half awake in order to ______.

A. alert themselves to the approaching enemy B. emerge from water now and then to breathe

       C. be sensitive to the ever-changing environment

       D. avoid being swept away by rapid currents

69.  It can be inferred that ----------------.

A. Birds never sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.

B. Inner ducks depend on single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, as often as

birds napping at the end of the line do

C. It is not the first time for scientists to research on birds’ half-brain sleep 

D. Birds hardly sleep without a companion

70. By saying “just the tip of the iceberg”, Siegel suggests that ______.

       A. half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather

       B. the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solved

       C. most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers

       D. half-brain sleep may exist among other species

第二卷（非选择题，共两大题，35分）

 第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Imagination is the ability to form a mental image of something that is not obtained through the senses. It is the ability of the mind to build mental scenes, objects or events that do not exist, are not present or have not happened in the past.

Everyone possesses some imagination ability. In some it may be highly developed and in others it may be displayed in a weaker form. It is shown in various degrees in various people.

Imagination is not limited only to seeing pictures in the mind. It includes all the five senses and the feelings. One can imagine a sound, taste, smell, a physical sensation or a feeling or emotion. For some people it is easier to see mental pictures, others find it easier to imagine a feeling, and some are more comfortable imagining the sensation of one of the five senses. Training of the imagination gives the ability to combine all the senses.

Imagination makes it possible to experience a whole world inside the mind. It gives you the ability to look at any situation from a different point of view, and enables one to mentally explore the past and the future. In your imagination you can travel anywhere at the speed of light without any problems. It can make you feel free, though temporarily, and only in the mind, from tasks, difficulties and unpleasant circumstances.

 Imagination ha a  great role and value in each one's life. We all use it, whether consciously or unconsciously, in most of our daily affairs. We use our imagination whenever we plan a party, a trip, our work or a meeting. We use it when we describe an event, explain how to arrive to a certain street, write, tell a story or cook a cake.    Imagination is also a creative power that is used extensively in magic, creative visualization and confirmations. It is the creator of circumstances and events. It is necessary for inventing an instrument, designing a dress or a building, painting a picture or writing a book. The creative power of imagination has an important role in the achievement of success in any field.

Imagination can change your whole life. When you know how to work with it, you can make your hearts' desires come true. But if you do not recognize the importance of the power of the imagination, your life may not be as happy and successful as you would have wanted it to be. You may create and attract into your lives events, situations and people that you don't really want. This is actually what most people do, because you don't use the power of imagination correctly.

Lack of understanding of the power of the imagination is responsible for the suffering, incompetence, difficulties, failures and unhappiness people experience, some reason, most people are tending to think in a negative way. They do not expect success. They expect the worst, and when they fail, they believe that fate is against them. This attitude can be changed, and then life will improve accordingly.

Understanding how to use your imagination correctly, and putting this knowledge into practice, for your own and others' benefit, will put you on the golden path to success, satisfaction and happiness.

China is_______vast country which is home to______amazing variety of landscapes, plants and animals.

A. the; the                    B. a; the                 C. the; an            D. a; an

Just how comfortable is your sofa? Would you be prepared to let a stranger crash out there for the night? And, on the basis of a bit of email correspondence and seeing a photo of the sofa belonging to 'A. N. Unknown', would you travel halfway across the world to do the same? It might sound crazy, but this is exactly what millions of people have done whilst participating in an activity known as couch surfing.

Couch surfing is traveling on a budget, using a broad network of contacts in order to get overnight accommodation for free, or at as little cost as possible. Participants join dedicated(专业的) websites, providing as much information about themselves as possible in order to make others feel comfortable hosting them, or using them as a host.

Various safety features are generally available in such online networks, like verification of names and addresses, personal references, and 'vouching for' a particular member as a reliable host or guest.

As well as the financial advantages of couch surfing, participants also claim that the practice gives them a more unique, authentic travel experience, allowing them to experience culture and cuisine through the locals, rather than from the confines of sanitized tourist accommodation. We open our minds and lives and welcome the knowledge that becomes available through cultural exchange.” Said Casey Fenton, founder of Couch Surfing. Com. “CouchSurfing wants to change not only the way we travel, but how we relate to the world.”

61．What is the right order of couch surfing?

       a. Provide personal information.   b. Travel to the host’s house.

       c. Join dedicated websites.     d. Check photos of sofas by ensiles.

       A．d-b-a-c     B．b-c-a-d     C．a-d-c-b     D．c-a-d-b

62．Which is NOT a safety lecture of online network?

       A．Verification of identity.   B．A copy of the passport.

       C．Personal references. D．Vouching ior the member as rdioble.

63．From the text we can know that           .

       A．participants can he hosted or a host

       B．couch surfing tests people’s patience

       C．couch surfing leads to trust between people

       D．people couch surf simply for financial reasons.

64．The text mainly intends to            .

       A．introduce a new way of traveling   B．teach how to keep the Internet safety

       C．promote online products  D．advocate deals of saving money

65．What can he the best title of the test?

       A．Touring the World on the Interne   B．Unique Advantages of Local Traveling

       C．Around the World from Sofa to Sofa     D．Cultural Exchange by Correspendence

Dublin has the benefit of being a home to unequaled beaches. They can be especially     attractive during the summer season．Experience this scenery for yourself  and see what these     beaches have to offer you．

Finding yourself  at Dollymont makes you a fortunate tourist especially if you find     beaches irresistible．Here you can swim away your worries through the Dollymont Blue Flag Beach，The beach provides a wonderful view which is perfect for some relaxing moments．Its  shoreline is well recommended for a few quiet and unworried walks along the beach．

For some beach adventure，you can drive your way down the M50 and M 1 motorways to Donabate．This village in North County Dublin offers an attractive Blue Flag beach which is perfect for your swimming addictions．Lifeguards are on call during bathing period．The water is as overpowering as the surrounding．

For a double purpose beach，check out Killiney．This beach is a top off destination for a swimming adventure and it is equally grand for relaxing walks．The shoreline is covered with pebbles and rocks．This may seem averred with ordinary stony beach for some but for those who have strong interest in geological(地质的)processes，Killiney is a best spot to discover part of Dublin’s history and Killiney’s formation．

Another accessible Blue Flag Beach lies on Malahide in Fingal. You can enjoy the   distinctive attraction of the water while still getting yourself amazed with the wonderful sights   around；Malahide．Beach is sandy and holds a harbor designed for pleasure boats at the   Northern end．

For a bit of challenge and thrill，consider a swim at Sea point Beach in Dun Laoghaire  Rathdown．You can have the pleasure of an exciting surf adventure here apart from the usual swimming activity．This is often visited by tourists due to its various appeals：swimming on the north part of the beach while surfing，．boating and jet skiing at the south．

Need to：beat the heat off your summer vacation? There is nothing as satisfying as a visit to some of these outstanding beaches．

71．How many beaches are mentioned in this article?

A．Five    B．Four    C．Three D．Two

72．If you are visiting Killiney, which of the following activities can’t．you do?

A．Having a swimming adventure．

B．Having some relaxing walks．

C．Discovering some Dublin’s history．

D．Practising operating boats for pleasure．

73．Some tourists choose a swim at Seapoint Beach probably because they can    ．  ．

A．get themselves interested in the sights around

   B．have a wonderful surf on the north of the beach

C．enjoy several unusual and exciting activities‘

D．call the lifeguards during bathing period

74．If you want to。be quiet and have some relaxing walks，you may pay a visit to——．

 A．Dollymont and Donabate          B． Donabate and Malahide

 C．Dollymont and Killiney              D．Killinev and Malahide

75．The best title of this article should be——．

 A．Where to go swimming in summer B．Beating off the heat in Dublin

 C．Benifits of staying at beaches    D．Geological researches in vacation

Mr. Smith owns——collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met．

    A．1arger    B．a larger    C．the larger     D．1arge

The quick rise in the price of food will make people ______, that is, affect people’s living standard.

A. disturbed                  B. fascinated   C. distinguished            D. interrupted

 – I heard Jimmy _____ gas a mile from his home yesterday.

 – How did he get home anyway?

A. ran out                     B. ran out of                 C. was run out                     D. was run out of

 The way she dealt with the problem is quite different _______ her parents were used to.

A. from which        B. in what               C. in which      D. from what

       Su Hua is studying at Cambridge, UK. She has bought a bicycle and is worried about   

    security (安全). Her friend, Kate, found this article and sent it to her.

Introduction

 A lot of crime is against bicycles. About 150,000 bicycles are stolen every year and most are never found. You can prevent this happening by following a few careful steps.

Basic Security

 Do not leave your bicycle in out-of-the-way places. Always lock your bicycle when you leave. Secure it to lampposts or trees. Take off smaller parts and take them with you, for example lights and saddles (车座).

Locks

 Get a good lock. There are many different types in the shops. Buy one that has been tested against attack. Ask for a recommendation from a bike shop.

Marking

 Security marking your bike can act as a deterrent to a thief. It can also help the police find your bicycle. It should be clearly written and include your postcode and your house or flat number. This will provide a simple way to identify your bicycle.

Registration

 There are a number of companies who will security mark your bicycle for you. They will then    put your registration number and personal details on their computer database. Then if your bicycle is found it will be easy to contact you.

Finally

 Keep a record of the bicycle yourself: its make, model and registration number. You can even take a photograph of it. This will prove the bicycle belongs to you.

60. Which part of the text gives you information on how to lock up your bicycle when you leave it?

   A. Locks.  B. Marking.    C. Registration.      D. Basic Security.

61. The underlined phrase “act as a deterrent to a thief” means ______.

   A. help you recognize your bike           B. help the police find your bicycle

   C. stop someone stealing your bicycle      D. stop you worrying about your bike

62. The article advises you to keep a record of your bicycle _______.

   A. in the bike shop and your computer

   B. in the police station and a security company

   C. in a security company and your university

   D. by yourself and in a security company

63. The main purpose of this article is _________.

   A. to tell you what to do if your bicycle is stolen

   B. to suggest ways of keeping your bicycle safe

   C. to give you advice on where to buy a good lock

   D. to say why you shouldn’t keep your bicycle in a quiet place