Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.

Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often when someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take action and reduce levels of dumped harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure to chromium. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.

Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.

Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.

 Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.

57.What is mainly discussed in the text?

A The effect of every chemical.          

B.Problems of harmful waste.

C.Chemicals used for industrial processes.

D.Events related to waste chemicals.

58.From the text we know that ______.

      A.chromium can poison people when there is a wind

      B.chromium pollution makes the local government close the school

C.Some governments don’t realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste

D.about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment

59.Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?

   A.Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.

   B.People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste

   C.Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.

   D.People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.

60.The writer of the text thinks that ______.

   A.governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals

   B.mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people

   C.industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much

   D.everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals

Ⅲ 阅读(共两节,满分40分)

第一节:阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity, others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

I have taught many children who held the belief that their self – worth relied (依赖) on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life – and – death affairs. In their single – minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among  the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to se ek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self – respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

41.What does this passage mainly talk about?

       A.Competition helps to set up self – respect.

       B.Opinions about competition are different among people.

       C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

       D.Failures are necessary experiences in competition

42.Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

       A.It pushes society forward.       B.It builds up a sense of duty.

       C.It improves personal abilities. D.It encourages individual efforts.

43.The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means           .

       A.those who try their best to win

       B.those who value competition most highly

       C.those who are against competition most strongly

       D.those who rely on others most for success

44.What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail ?

       A.One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.

       B.One’s success in competition needs great efforts.

       C.One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.

       D.One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.

45.Which point of view may the author agree to?

       A.Every effort should be paid back.

       B.Competition should be encouraged.

       C.Winning should be a life – and – death matter.

       D.Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

第一节:完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从2l—30各个题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

During the war, a fighter pilot was shot down over enemy  21  territory. Fortunately, he was saved by a group of nuns from a nearby convent. When he  22   himself, he found a woman leaning over him.

It was Sister Maria, the nun  23 . She said to the pilot, “ This convent is a teaching hospital. We have many girls here, learning how to be   24 . We will hide you here, but you have to obey very strict rules.”

The pilot agreed to  25  himself as a nurse. He was not allowed to talk with others. By shaving twice a day, wearing a wig and a nurse’s uniform, he was able to fool anyone at a  26 . It was a difficult life, however, especially when one of the nursing students caught his eye. She was very  27 , turning away whenever she saw him glancing her way.

One day the pilot could  28  it no longer. He found the nurse cooking in the  29 . He crossed over to her and said, “Please don’t turn away. I’ve fallen in love with you.” He started to put his arms round the nurse. The nurse then said something that made the pilot step  30  in astonishment.

21. A. possessed        B. had          C. occupied               D. taken

22. A. came up         B. came to       C. came out               D. came over

23. A. of charge        B. in charge             C. with charge            D. on charge

24. A. doctors          B. teachers              C. patients                D. nurses

25. A. disguise          B. make            C. pretend               D. regard

26. A. glare            B. distance              C. look                      D. time

27. A. sad             B. curious        C. lovely             D. shy

28. A. stand           B. take          C. insist                 D. manage

29. A. hall              B. room          C. office                D. kitchen

30. A. back                B. forward         C. away                   D. up

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