You are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start they only fight with their fists. But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes (撞击) through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead!Of course he isn't really dead. With any luck he isn't even hurt. Why? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars or even catch fire, are professionals (专业人士). They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks. There are two sides to their work. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress (床垫). Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar! But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman' s success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is "blown up" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment.

Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get seriously injured, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff a thousand feet high. His parachute (降落伞) failed to open, and he was killed. In spite of all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous action, for nowadays there are stunt girls too!

Stuntmen are those who ______.

A. often dress up as women

B. prefer to lead dangerous lives

C. often perform seemingly (表面上) dangerous actions

D. often fight each other for their lives

Stuntmen earn their living by ______.

A. playing their dirty tricks               B. selling their special skills

C. jumping out of high windows           D. jumping from fast moving trains

When a stuntman falls from a high building, ______.

A. he needs little protection

B. he will be covered with a mattress

C. his life is endangered

D. his safety is generally all right

Which of the following is the main factor (因素) of a successful performance?

A. Strength.     B. Exactness.       C. Speed.      D. Power.

What can be inferred from the author' s example of the Norwegian stuntman?

A. Sometimes an accident can occur to a stuntman.

B. The percentage of serious accidents is high.

C. Parachutes must be of good quality.

D. The cliff is too high.

Now let’s look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance.Modern scientists believe that humankind,like other animals,evolved(进化)through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably all earlier species of the primate(monkey ,ape)group.Despite this similarity with other creatures,however ,the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way.

In other species evolution has led to specialization.both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure.For example.the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops,but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs(灌木).Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground.Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals.The same is true for countless other species.

For humankind it is opposite.Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability.Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything.Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space.No natural competitor offers great resistance,and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled.

Said another way , we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance.The result is the rapidly increasing world population,frequently referred to as the population explosion.Further ,to support our growing population,natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations,agriculture,and other human supporting activities.

From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution              .

A.humankind is very important to earlier species,such as the primate group

B.human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not

C.human beings become more and more different from each other

D.humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability

According to the passage,primate includes such animals as

A.monkeys and anteaters         B.tigers and apes

C.apes and monkeys             D.monkeys and giraffes

According to the passage,evolution has made it possible for humans to

A.increase the population         B.resist natural offers

C.go to the moon                D.cure all diseases

Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space.

According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environmental

resistance has resulted in               

A.the population explosion            B.the destruction of human habitations

C.the growth of natural ecosystem      D.the specialization of humans

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