B．
D．
.
Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.(本题请涂在答题卡上)
(D)
A. Different types of surgery operation.
B. Room for future development.
C. Amazing advancement in today’s surgery.
D. Changes in surgery specialization.
E. Negative response from the patients.
F. The improved safety of today’s operation.
| 76. |
The need for a surgery operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an unreasonable fear of hospitals and operations. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery-cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
| 77. |
In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of 50 years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. Even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live. However, not one surgeon is qualified to perform every type of the modern operation.
| 78. |
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910. And due to the high success rate of operations nowadays, the hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after the operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
| 79. |
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves, the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye and the lung machined to keep patients alive during long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
| 80. |
However, still large is the gap between our dream for the future and current technology. “Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the distant future. As yet, surgery is not ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctor says to you, “yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition.”