On feeling the earthquake，the teacher stayed calm in the front of the classroom，________ all the students to rush out of the classroom as quickly as possible.

A. urging        B. hoping      C. advising        D. encouraging

Seven Health Facts about Coffee

When you’re considering your morning coffee, here are some health facts to keep in mind:

1. Coffee Reduces Your Risk of Diabetes (糖尿病)

In a 2005 review of nine studies, researchers found that for those that drank four to six cups of coffee per day, versus only two or fewer, their risk for Type 2 diabetes decreased by almost 30 percent. The number decreased by 35 percent when people drank more than six cups per day. And if you’re picturing yourself running around the office with your eyes bugging out of your head, no worries because caffeinated and decaffeinated coffees provided much the same results.

2. Coffee Fights Free Radicals (自由基)

We often forget that coffee is actually a plant and like all plant foods, the coffee bean contains more than 1,000 naturally occurring substances called phytochemicals, which may help prevent disease. Many of these phytochemicals are antioxidants which protect the cells from damage from free radicals.

3. Coffee Improves Memory and Cognition

Researchers reported that volunteers who drank caffeinated coffee in the morning performed better than nondrinkers on tests that involved learning new information. Coffee can also improve cognitive function as we age. One study found that combining coffee with a sweet treat had an even bigger impact.

4. Coffee Can Increase Osteoporosis (骨质疏松)

It’s true that coffee can cause the body to excrete calcium in urine. We don’t want the body to rid itself of calcium because this can lead to osteoporosis. According to The Diet Channel, about five milligrams of calcium is lost per every six ounces of coffee consumed. But these calcium losses can be counter balanced with two tablespoons of milk or yogurt per cup of coffee.

5. Coffee Causes Wrinkles

Even though coffee has antioxidants, if you drink too much of it, it can cause wrinkling of the skin. This is a result of dehydration (脱水) which is the worst thing for your skin. So when you’re drinking that morning cup or two, make sure that you’re pairing it with water. Even better, add one tablespoon of chia seeds to your water and let them sit for 30 minutes. The chia seeds keep you even more hydrated than regular water.

6. Coffee Can Actually Cause Weight Gain

The blood sugar changes that a caffeine high produces can contribute enormously to a strong desire for it, according to iVillage. Coffee is also socially connected to food. For example, we pair coffee with dessert or that morning powdered doughnut. Additionally, when we crash from our caffeine high that’s when we reach for all sorts of fatty snacks to keep us going.

7. Conventional Coffee Is Laden with Pesticides (杀虫剂)

The coffee plant is one of the most heavily sprayed crops. It’s coated with chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides, nothing you’d want to be swallowing. If you do drink coffee, make sure that it’s the organic variety, free from assorted chemicals that leech into our ground water and can make us sick down the road.

If you switch to decaffeinated coffee, make sure the caffeine (咖啡因) is removed in a natural way without the use of chemicals to do it. Often times, conventional decaffeinated coffee has more chemicals than regular.

   If you want to decrease the risk of diabetes by 35%, you need to take at least _____ cups of     coffee every day.

    A. seven            B. six          C. five             D. four 

If you are a heavy drinker of coffee, a far better way to avoid wrinkling of your skin is to drink water _____.

    A. less than usual  B. regularly        C. with sugar       D. with chia seeds

   Which of the following statements is wrong?

    A. Adding two spoons of milk to a cup of coffee can prevent calcium losses.

    B. Decaffeinated coffee has different effects from caffeinated coffee as to diabetes.

    C. Many phytochemicals protect the cells from damage from free radicals.

    D. The organic variety of coffee plant is free from assorted chemicals.

   The author has a/an _____ attitude towards drinking of coffee.

    A. positive     B. negative     C. objective        D. imaginative

Johnson had made up his mind to give it up, but on ______ second thought he determined to try _____ third time.

A. /; a         B. the; /           C. a; a         D. the; a

I wonder how many years ago ___________.

  A. did your father retire                B. has your father retired

  C. your father retired                  D. your father has retired

--- Marry is in hospital.

   --- Oh, really? I _______ know. I _________ go and see her.

A. didn’t; am going to      B. don’t; would     C. don’t; will       D. didn’t; will

．—____

    —Sorry, I don't know．

    A．Have you seen Mr．Smith?            B．Where has Mr．Smith gone?

    C．How about Mr．Smith?                D．Hello, Mr．Smith．

I’m not ill. __________, I ’m very healthy.                              

A. However     B. On the contrary     C. Thus     D. Instead of

  Ed Jocelyn and Andy McEwen might have appeared to be a bit mad---the two set off on their own “Long March” through the remotest regions of China on October 16. The idea was to take a year to retrace one of the epic movements of modern military history.

   The two British men in their mid-30s were working as editors in Beijing when they decided to reexperience the tales of the original marches. “We hold these people in such respect,” McEwen says.

   They plan to keep diaries but will not share the contents during the trip. “When we get to the end we’ll put our heads together and try and come up with a book,” Jocelyn said.

   Their trip has had some auspicious beginning, they have already met two Long March veterans(老战士) in less than a month of travel.

   In this modern version, the pair are aided by high-tech equipment including a satellite phone, mini-computer, video camera and solar panels to recharge batteries. A mountain tent and portable stove will help them in the remoter stretches.

   They plan to average 35-40 kilometers a day, and rest about every third day. Ed admitted that their trip would be very tough.

   If they succeed, they will be the first foreigners to complete the entire Long March route since Otto Braun, the German military advisor who accompanied the Red Army on the Long March.

This text is mainly about           .

  A．high-tech equipment helpful to the Long March   

  B．first foreigners to walk the Long March

  C．British recall of the Long March spirit

  D．British editors’ adventure original in China       

The underlined word “auspicious” most probably means           .

   A．friendly        B．favourable      C．strange       D．surprising

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the two foreigners?

 A．They will use anything modern on the way.

 B．They will do some cooking by themselves.

 C．They’re planning to have a book published one year later.

 D．They will send off news about what happens day by day.

Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars, and say they could be protecting life from the planet’s terrible environment.

The first caves appear as seven mysterious black dots （点） on the pictures which were sent back by NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface.

“If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance that you’d find it in caves,” said Jut Wynne, one of the researchers who noticed the features (特征) while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.

Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting.

One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(红外线成像器) showed one hole to be unusually warm, suggesting hot air may be flowing out.

“I said: ‘Wow, that’s a cave’” Dr. Clarke said excitedly. “People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them.”

He agreed such caves could be perfect places to search for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked(充满辐射的), dry surface.

“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,” he said. “If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria (细菌). A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.”

The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lava flows(管状岩浆流) spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining to flow out, forming caves.

What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. How the caves were formed on Mars.

B. How NASA sent the pictures back to earth

C. Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign（迹象）of life.

D. Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.

We can learn from the passage that __________.

A. water has already been found on Mars

B. the scientists found all the caves at night

C. it is certain that there is life in these caves

D. the surface of Mars is bitterly cold, radiation-soaked and dry

According to the passage, Dr. Clarke was so excited because ________.

A. such caves could provide energy for life

B. they had finally found the caves on Mars

C. such caves would be perfect places to search for life

D. There would be life on Mars.

Necessary conditions for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include_________.

A. lava and energy          B. water and radiation from space

C. gases and lava           D. water and protection from radiation

what does the underlined word “ the planet” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. the Mars     B. the earth      C. the caves       D. radiation

---May I smoke here?

---If you _______, choose a seat in the smoking section.

A. should       B. could        C. may          D. must