Cancer is feared by everyone. And there is more and more fear about cancer. Not the disease
itself - there is no such thing as a high incidence rates(发病率) of cancer. Except for lung cancer,
mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds
of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an
anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or
less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things
in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is "cleaned
up." This is not at all the meaning.
     The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in
various societies around the world - for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and
the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and
the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America.
These data show there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal life-style,
which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities - that is all the
data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same
everywhere.

1. According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.

A. to be based on inactive life style
B. to be due to anxiety
C. to result from environmental influences
D. to be caused by heavy smoking

2. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer's opinion about the relationship between cancer
    and environment is _____.

A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. approving

3. According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that _____.

A. the risk of catching cancer is on the rise
B. the whole earth is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen
C. the risk of catching cancer isn't so great as people think
D. cancer can be cured if the environment is cleaned up

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Cancer and Environment
B. The Fear Caused by Cancers
C. Data on Cancer Incidence
D. Cancer and its Investigation

   Are morning people born or made? In my case it was definitely made. In my early 20s, I rarely went to
bed before midnight, and I would almost always get up late the next morning.
   But after a while I couldn't ignore the high relationship between success and rising early. On those rare
occasions where I did get up early, I noticed that my productivity(效率)was almost always higher. So I set out to become a habitual early riser. But whenever my alarm went off, my first thought was always to stop
that noise and go back to sleep. Eventually some sleep research showed me that I was using the wrong strategy.
   The most common wrong strategy is this: You assume that if you're going to get up earlier, you'd better
go to bed earlier. It sounds very reasonable, but will usually fail.
   There are two main schools (流派) of thought on sleep patterns. One is that you should go to bed and
get up at the same time every day. The second school says you should go to bed when you're tired and get up when you naturally wake up. However, I have found both of them are wrong if you care about productivity. If you sleep at set hours, you'll sometimes go to bed when you aren't sleepy enough. You're wasting
time lying in bed awake and not being asleep.
   If your sleep is based on what your body tells you, you'll probably be sleeping more thanyou need. Also, your mornings may be less predictable if you're getting up at different times.
   The solution for me has been to combine both methods. I go to bed when I'm sleepy and get up with an alarm clock at a fixed time. So I always get up at the same time (in my case 5 am), but I go to bed at different times every night - sometimes at 9:30pm, and other times at midnight. Most of the time I go to bed between 10-11 pm.
   However, going to bed only when I'm sleepy, and getting up at a fixed time every morning is my way. If you want to become an early riser, you can try your own.

1. According to the passage, the underlined phrase refers to ________.

A. people who stay up until the next morning.    
B. people who get up early in the morning.
C. people who feel sleepy in the morning.   
D. people whose productivity is the highest in the morning.

2. Why did the author want to become a habitual early riser? 

A. Because he/she wanted to form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early.
B. Because he/she had found that his / her productivity was higher when he/she got up early.
C. Because he/she wanted to see which of the two main schools of thought on sleep patterns was right.
D. Because he/she was told the high relationship between success and rising early.

3. The author experienced all the following EXCEPT ________.  

A. going to bed after midnight          
B. getting up early occasionally
C. pressing off the alarm to go on sleeping      
D. asking scholars for advice on sleeping habits

4. The passage is mainly about ________. 

A. how to become an early riser        
B. how to have good sleep
C. wrong strategies for getting up early    
D. main schools of thought on sleep patterns

     Kelly Reeves was getting ready for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water.
Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on, but nothing worked.
Her first reaction? She got dressed, drove to the nearest store, and bought a new model at full price.    
     A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness. About 66 percent of those
surveyed suffer from nomophobia or "no mobile phone phobia". Interestingly, more women worry
about losing their phone than men.    
     Fortunately, there's a solution.    
     The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia. Checking your phone too often is one thing,
but the true sign of a problem is that you can't conduct business or go about your routine when the fear
becomes so severe.    
     Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That's another sign of a problem.
If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day, there may be
a problem.    
     Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks: Leaving the phone behind
and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety. Even if this
leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with
not having your phone.    
     Of course, there are also technological alternatives. Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says he
uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone. To find it, he
can just go to a Web site and see the phone's location.    
     He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion. The company's description of its product
reads like a prescription for anxiety: "60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each year. You'll
have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect
with family,friends and work, as soon as the very next day!"

1. Why does the author mention Kelly's experience in the first paragraph?

A. To introduce the topic for discussion.
B. To inform us that mobile phones are useful.
C. To warn us that we should be careful.
D. To tell us we should get phones ready for a trip.

2. The underlined word "nomophobia" in Paragraph 2 means ________.

A. Habits of using mobile phones.
B. Fear of losing mobile phones.
C. Eagerness for new mobile phones.
D. Independence of mobile phones.

3. Which of the following is a way to treat nomophobia?

A. Avoiding using phone for some time
B. Learning more about modern technology.
C. Protecting one's phone against any damage.
D. Not using a mobile phone in one's daily work.

4. Why can the service called Asurion help to treat nomophobia?

A. It lets you know other people also lose their phones.
B. It will give you a new phone through insurance.
C. It enables you to reconnect with your acquaintance.
D. It gives you a prescription to treat nomophobia.

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Attitude toward mobile phone.
B. New mobile phone technology.
C. Disadvantages of mobile phone.
D. Solutions to nomophobia

     Most of us lead unhealthy lives; we spend far too much sitting down. If in addition we are careless
about our diets, our bodies soon become loose and fatty and our systems slow moving. There are some
aspects(方面) of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils.
The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other.
While it is true that every weekend you will find people playing football and hockey in the local park, they are outnumbered a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them.
     For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sports-and it is especially difficult to do so if you
are not good at them-there are such separate activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming. What often happens though is that you do them in such a leisurely way, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, except for the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair.
     Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, you are still only
half way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete
mental and physical relaxation(放松). It has to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, meditation, and so on. Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives
have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of
activity-physical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the other-which were the natural way of life of
our forefathers.

1. Pollution, noise and stress are examples of _____.

A .causes of unfitness    
B. bad features of living in towns
C. the things we can completely do away with  
D. unavoidable things in town

2.We don't get much out of separate sports because we _____.

A. don't do them very often        
B. don't do them actively enough
C. find it hard to get out of our armchairs
D. don't find them interesting

3.To be healthy we must _____.

A. keep fit and active
B. keep fit and learn to relax
C. be active and practise Yoga    
D. have a sound mind

4.Our forefathers were healthy because_____.

A. their way of life closely connected with both exercise and relaxation
B. they were careful to get plenty of fresh air
C. they spent most of the time out of doors
D. their environment was not polluted

     One of today's hottest topics among women (and to an extent among men too now) is anti
aging and how to reverse the signs of age. The beauty industry has responded to this by offering
a wide collection of anti aging creams and other anti aging products aimed at all pocketbooks,
ranging from economical to highly priced.
     And the question is "do any of these often much-vaunted (被过度吹嘘的) anti aging creams
actually work?" And if they do,how precisely do they perform their miracles?
Well the appropriate response to that is that they do work - after a fashion. There certainly are
anti aging creams available for a relatively modest price that will reduce the appearance of wrinkles
in a comparatively short period of regular application. But this really is the limit of their powers:
they won't actually undo skin damage or eradicate (根除) all signs of age；they will simply modify
them,some more effectively than others.
     The way they work is like so: they remove upper layers of dead skin cells and make deeper
layers absorb water,serving to plump them up and make them look fuller and healthier. But since
such anti aging creams only go skin deep,as it were,skin damage will reappear once you stop using
the anti aging wrinkle cream.
This means fairly heavy regular use,which might be costly depending on your choice of product.
However,if you can afford it or think it's worth the cost,it won't be such an issue. After all,what
woman wants to look older than her years when looking good is so tied up with many women's
self-esteem and sense of identity.
     A compromise (折中) solution for those on a tighter budget is to use the cheaper creams. In
addition,it's always wise to be a little experimental to make sure you end up with the one that suits
our skin best.
     So,to sum up: an anti wrinkle face cream will work within limits,depending on your objective. 
                   

1.This passage mainly tells us something about __________.

A. anti aging creams          
B. anti aging foods
C. anti wrinkle face            
D. anti wrinkle skin

2.According to the author,we can infer __________.

A. anti aging creams must reverse the signs of age
B. skin damage must not reappear after using creams
C. anti aging creams should be properly used
D. skin damage will disappear forever after using creams

3.The benefits from anti aging creams are the following except that __________.

A. they remove upper layers of dead skin cells
B. they make deeper layers absorb water
C. they make layers look fuller and healthier.
D. they make wrinkle faces rough

4.The meaning of the underlined phrase "on a tighter budget" is __________.

A. having a larger amount of money  
B. having a smaller amount of money
C. having no money at all            
D. having a lot of money

5.Fairly heavy regular use will make you __________.

A. spend much money on your choice of product
B. easily afford your choice of product
C. think your choice of product wrong
D. believe your choice of product right

     A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) or Low-Fossil-Fuel Economy (LFFE) is an economy
which has a smallest output of greenhouse gas (GHG) release into the atmosphere, but specifically
refers to the greenhouse gas CO2. Recently, most of scientific and public opinion has come to the
conclusion that there is such an accumulation of GHG (especially CO2) in the atmosphere due to
human-related activities that the climate is changing. The over-concentration of these gases is producing
global warming that affects long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable
future. Globally performed LCEs therefore, are proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic climate
change, and as a forerunner to the more advanced, zero-carbon society and renewable-energy economy.  
    Some nations are low-carbon societies which are not heavily industrialized or populated. In order to
avoid climate change at any point in the future, all nations considered carbon-thick societies and societies
 which are heavily populated, should become zero-carbon societies and economies. Several of these
countries have promised to become 'low carbon' but not entirely zero carbon, and claim that release will
be cut by 100% by offsetting  release rather than stopping all release. In other words, some release will
continue which will be offset, so they are not low-release.
     Nations seek to become low-carbon economies as part of a national global warming reduction 
strategy. A comprehensive strategy to manage global warming  is carbon neutrality , geoengineering
and adaptation to global warming .
     Nuclear power, or, the proposed strategies of carbon collection and storage (CCS) have been
proposed as the primary means to achieve a LCE while continuing to exploit non-renewable resources;
there is concern, however, with the matter of spent-nuclear-fuel storage, security and the uncertainty of
costs and time needed to successfully carry out CCS worldwide and with guarantees that the stored
release will notleak into the atmosphere. Alternatively, many have proposed  renewable energy should
be the main basis of a LCE, but, they have their associated problems of high-cost and inefficiency; this
is changing, however, since investment and production have been growing significantly in recent times.
Furthermore, regardless of the effect to the atmosphere by GHG releases, the growing issue of peak
oil may also be reason enough for a change to a LCE.

1. Low-carbon economy is encouraged for the following reasons except that ______. 

A. too much greenhouse gas CO2 is released
B. the over-concentration of greenhouse gases is producing global warming
C. it can avoid catastrophic climate change
D. low carbon and zero carbon nations and societies claim for it

2. The underlined word in the first paragraph probably means ______. 

A. warning
B. pioneer
C. symbol
D. guide

3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?  

A. Nuclear power could act as one of the primary means to achieve a LCE.
B. There's worry about spent-nuclear-fuel storage, security and the uncertainty of costs.
C. The stored release will be likely to leak into the atmosphere.
D. Renewable energy tends to become the only means to achieve a LCE.

4. From the last paragraph, we can infer that the writer's attitude toward the proposal of adapting
renewable energy is ______.

A. negative
B. positive
C. self-confident
D. doubtful

     A growing number of health, hunger, and sustainable (可持续的) agriculture groups today announced plans for Food Day-a nationwide campaign to change the way Americans eat and think about food.
Food Day will encourage people around the country to sponsor or participate in activities that encourage Americans to "eat real" and support healthy, affordable food grown in a sustainable, humane way.
     Organizers hope Food Day will inspire Americans to hold thousands of events in schools, college
campuses, houses of worship and even in private homes aimed at fixing America's food system. A Food
Day event could be as small as a parent organizing a vegetable identification contest at a kindergarten
class-or as massive as a rally (集会) in a city park, with entertainment and healthy food. Health
departments, city councils and other policy makers could use Food Day to launch campaigns, hold
hearings, or otherwise address communities food problems.
     The campaign will advocate progress toward five central goals:
     Reducing diet-related disease by promoting healthy foods. The American diet is too low in fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains and too high in fatty meat, soft drinks and salty packaged and restaurant
foods-contributing to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths each year.
     Supporting sustainable farms and stopping subsidies to agribusiness. Billions of federal
dollars a year would be better spent helping environmentally conscious family farmers than
hugeagri business operations.
     Expanding access to food and alleviating hunger. Far too many Americans don't know where their
next meal is coming from, or have access to fresh produce in their neighborhood.
     Reforming factory farms to protect animals and the environment. Farming of animals can and should
be done without cruelty, and without degrading the quality of life.
     Curbing junk-food marketing to kids. Food companies should not be targeting children with foods
that promote tooth decay, obesity and other health problems.

1.What is the best title of the text?

A. Food Day Campaign              
B. Eat Real and Keep fit
C. How to Observe Food Day              
D. Food Problems in the USA

2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A. Food problems are not easy to deal with.
B. Food Day events should be held in public places.
C. Kindergarten kids are unable to identify vegetables.
D. People are invited to create their own Food Day events.

3.One of the aims of Food Day is to ____.

A. target children with junk food           
B. operate more agribusiness
C. increase access to food            
D. cancel a series of events

4.The underlined word "curbing" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to "           ".

A. controlling      
B. enlarging      
C. evaluating      
D. providing

5.We can infer from the text that _____.

A. Food Day will not help preserve natural resources.
B. Food Day can be an opportunity to solve food problems.
C. Food Day has so far achieved all the central goals.
D. there are different ideas and views about Food Day.

〔1〕Secondhand smoke is a byproduct of cigarette, cigar or pipe smoking. Secondhand smoke occurs when tobacco burns or when smokers exhale, and it is inhaled involuntarily by non-smokers.
〔2〕Secondhand smoke___________________.The first is called side stream smoke, which is the
smoke released from the burning end of a cigarette or cigar, or from tobacco burning in the bowl of a
pipe. The second is called mainstream smoke, which is exhaled by a smoker.
〔3〕When nonsmokers are exposed to secondhand smoke, they inhale many of the same
cancer-causing chemicals that smokers inhale. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, cigarette smoke
contains more than 4,000 chemical compounds, including more than 50 cancer-causing chemicals, and at
least 250 chemicals that are either toxic or carcinogenic.
〔4〕Both side stream and mainstream smoke are dangerous to nonsmokers. Side stream smoke is
generated at lower temperatures and under different conditions than mainstream smoke. As a result, it
contains higher concentrations of many of the toxins found in cigarette smoke.
〔5〕Secondhand smoke has been designated as a known human carcinogen by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, the National Toxicology Program, and the International Agency for
Research on Cancer. Secondhand smoke also is listed as an occupational carcinogen by the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
〔6〕According to the 2006 report by the U.S. Surgeon General, there is no risk-free level of exposure
to secondhand smoke: even small amounts of secondhand smoke exposure can be harmful to people's
health. Separating smokers from nonsmokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating buildings can help.
However, they cannot eliminate the exposure of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke.

1.What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
2.Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?
In whatever way, people can't get rid of the risk of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke completely.
_______________________________________________________________________
3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
4.Name at least three ways that will help reduce the harm of secondhand smoke.(no more than 12 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
5.Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
______________________________________________________