It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features (特征) of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the
opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men's clothes tend to button
from the right, and women's from the left. Considering most of the world's population-men and
women-are right-handed, the men's standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do
women's clothes button from the left?
     History really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th
century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women's shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men's shirt button from the right
made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand
would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.
     Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women's shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women's shirts that buttoned
from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have
to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward
to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since any one who noticed that would
believe they were wearing men's shirts.

1. What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry?
A. It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years.
B. It is different for men's clothing and women's.
C. It works better with men than with women.
D. It fails to consider right-handed people.

2. Women's clothes still button from the left today because _____.
A. adopting men's style is improper for women
B. manufacturers should follow standards
C. modern women dress themselves
D. customs are hard to change

3. The passage is mainly developed by_______.
A. analyzing causes
B. making comparisons
C. examining differences
D. following the time order

                                                       The Loss of Innocence(纯真)
     Innocence is such a precious gift. It's explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing. Just imagine
never having to worry about anything and having a guilt-free mind. Some people wish to save this kind
of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood.
     What would the world be like if innocence were never lost? One way it would benefit humanity is the
lack of hatred (仇恨) among the world. During youth, there may be an occasional argument, even a little
physical fight, but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being. And children are blind towards
the racial differences of others. A kid will hang out with any other kid. It is the lack of innocence and the
ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise. Another benefit is the constant desire for
fun and adventure. With very little if any time at all for fun, the adventurous mind is lost in time with the
responsibilities placed upon adults. If innocence were kept alive, these ambitions would never depart from our lives.
     However, other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting for ever. They feel that the lack of
organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences
to society in general. A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn, work, and act
upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive. Without a proper education which is usually provided
by those who no longer live in a world of innocence, people would not have the desire to succeed, get a
good job in life, or provide income for their families, which
would hurt the lives of children.
    The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy. As long as innocence is kept
alive, no one would be terribly angry at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace, resulting in a
strong decline(减少) in production and quality of needed goods.
     Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence. It sure is a nice thought, though. Perhaps innocence
was meant to be lost. It was god's will to make things the way they are, and there is a good purpose for
everything. All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts.

1. The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be______.
A. avoided  
B. criticized  
C. accepted  
D. encouraged

2. Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that__________.
A. proper education would be provided
B. there would be no racial discrimination
C. there would be more happy families
D. people would realize their childhood dreams

3. According to the author, people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of____ .
A. motivational will
B. mental ability
C. adventurous ambitions
D. needed goods

4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP:Central Point P:Point Sp:(次要点)C:Conclusion

     Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 
     _1_Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third,
note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
     You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing
research for a report.__2__ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a
selective process. __3__
     The following methods may work best for you.
    ·Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
    ·Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
    ·Write your notes in your own words.
    ·__4__
     ·Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
     As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you
understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. __5__
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.

     Time spent in a bookstore can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely you
are there to buy as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find a shelter from a sudden
shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire
to pick up a book with an attractive "dust-jacket" is irresistible(不可抗拒的), although this method of
selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become
engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spend far
too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment- without buying a book,
of course.
      This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a book-shop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop.
You can wander around such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will
approach you with inevitable greetings "Can I help you, sir?" You needn't buy anything you don't want.
In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing(浏览).
Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course you may want to find out where a particular
section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire carefully and look as if he is not
interested in selling a single bok. You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in
a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out
carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing-something
that had only slightly interested you up until then. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from
running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.

1. What does the underlined part "dust-jacket" in the first paragraph probably mean?

A. The title of a book.
B. A kind of clothes.
C. Book cover full of dust.
D. Protecting paper cover of a book.

2. In the author's opinion, what is the main attraction of a bookshop?

A. You can spend much time in the bookshop.
B. It has many books with attractive dust-jackets.
C. It enables you to forget the realities of everyday life.
D. You don't have to go for unpleasant appointments.

3. According to the passage, what will happen in a good bookshop?

A. Nobody will take notice of you.
B. You will feel as if you were in a music shop.
C. You will find yourself undisturbed and satisfied with your browsing.
D. The assistant will greet and treat you in a very friendly way.

4. Picking up books that slightly interest you can be dangerous because ________.

A. you may forget about the book you plan to buy
B. it costs you too much money and time
C. it makes you break your appointment
D. you have to give up the best-selling book

     Why do so many of us watch birds with great interest? Perhaps the easiest answer is that birds seem
to be the commonest, most attractive and easiest observed wildlife around us. No matter where you are,
at home, on a mountain-top, in mid-ocean or deep in a city, there are birds around for you to watch.
     When you go birdwatching, you should always make sure that your clothes are suitable for the weather and for the habitat you are visiting. As a general rule, it is better to pack a little too much clothing than risk getting cold and wet.  In really hot weather, a hat of some sort is sensible. For cooler weather, a practical outfit would be jeans, a roll-neck sweater.
     Don't worry about the equipment while birdwatching. It is perfectly possible to see and enjoy birds
without any special equipment, but a whole new world opens up to you once you have your first binoculars. Distant birds stop being little dots against the sky or water, and take on shapes and colours, and
feathers of bird will have a real beauty of their own.  Binoculars allow you to identify birds correctly, and
give you a wonderful chance to spy on them going about their daily lives. However, never look directly at
the sun using binocular, because direct sunlight can hurt the eye.
     Using binoculars is one way to bring birds closer to you, but another way of improving your
birdwatching is to get nearer to them. If wild creatures don't know you are close to them, they will
continue to behave naturally, and perhaps pass close by you. Fortunately, birds have no sense of
smell-so we don't have to worry about the wind blowing our scent to them and frightening them.  
But all birds have good eyesight, much better than ours.  Birds also have good hearing: their lives and
their ability to find food depend on these senses.
     So what does the birdwatcher need to do? Always move about quietly, do not give the birds
advance warning of your arrival or they will move away. Do your best to avoid sudden movement.
Always remember to put the birds' interests first. When you have finished looking, don't just stand up
and walk away, scaring birds in all directions.

1. The underlined word "binoculars" refers to __________.
A. something that can protect your eyes
B. glasses used for looking at distant object
C. books on birds of different shapes and colours
D. special equipment for birdwatcher to keep warm

2.  Why does the birdwatcher have to move quietly?
A. Because birds don't like to make any noise.
B. Because birds are unable to see slow movement.
C. Because birds can smell man's scent if he moves quickly.
D. Because birds may hear the sound of the sudden movement.

3. According to the passage, what does a birdwatcher need to do?
A. Keep a certain distance from birds
B. Bring a little more clothes with him
C. Behave naturally while watching birds
D. Take interest in the birds he is watching

     根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
     The need for love is deeply rooted in the human psyche(灵魂).    1   Separateness, according to
psychologists, means to be cut off, helpless and alone in the world. It is the source of all anxiety.
       2   It can be selfish and possessive, or unselfish and giving. Abraham Maslow distinguishes between
two kinds of love: B-love or "being love" means love for another person: unselfish love not dependent
upon your own needs. D-love or "deficiency-love" is a selfish possessive love which is based upon
someone else's ability to satisfy your needs.
     D-love is conditional. It depends upon whether personal needs continue to be met…But B-love is
unconditional.    3   Furthermore, as it depends upon who you are, it is possible only when you allow
yourself to be known to the other person.
     The psychologist Erich Fromm also distinguished between two types of love.    4   Symbiotic union
is an immature love based upon the satisfaction of needs and is similar to Maslow's concept of D-love.
Mature love, on the other hand, is a relationship that allows individuals to retain(保持) their independence, their identity, and their integrity. In mature love people can overcome their sense of separateness yet
continue to be themselves. The mature lover would say , "I love you because I need you," but the mature
one: "   5   "
A. There are two types of love.
B. I need you because I love you.
C. Love is a way of overcoming the feeling.
D. Every one of us needs love.
E. It depends not upon what you do, but who you are.
F. They are immature love, called by him symbiotic union(共同体), and mature love.
G. These two types are quite different from each other.

     It's hardly surprising that weather is a favourite topic for so many people around the world-it affects
where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national characteristics.
Studies have shown that changeable weather can make it difficult to concentrate, cloudy skies slow down
reaction, and high humidity with hot, dry winds makes many people badtempered.
      If you live in a place like Britain, where the weather seem to change daily if not hourly, you could be
forgiven for thinking that the weather is random. In fact the weather is controlled by systems which move
around areas of the globe. In the UK the weather depends on depressions, often called lows, and
anticyclones, also known as highs. These systems start in the Atlantic Ocean, and make their way across
the British Isles from the west to the east.
     Highs bring sunny weather, while lows bring rain and wind. In modern times, human activities seems
to be altering weather patterns. Gases produced by heavy industry change the temperature of the Earth's
surface, and affect cloud formation. Some researchers say that factories in Europe and North America
may have been one of the causes of the droughts in Africa in the 1980s.
      The human race has always tried to guess the weather, especially in areas of the world where there
are frequent changes. Traditional rhymes point to early attempts to identify weather patterns, popular
poems include:
     Red sky at night, shepherds' delight; Red sky in the morning, shepherds' warning.
     Flies will swarm before a storm.
     Rain before 7, clear by 11. 
     While folk wisdom can still provide a guide to help forecast weather, today's methods of prediction
increasingly rely on technology. Satellites, balloons, ships, aircraft and weather centres with sensitive
monitoring equipment, send data to computers. The data is then processed, and the weather predicted.
However, even this system cannot predict weather for longer than about a week.

1.   When weather keeps changing, ________.
A.   people become badtempered  
B.   people's reaction slow down
C.   people find it hard to focus on their work  
D.   people become hungrier

2.   Which of the following questions could have the answer in the second paragraph?
A.   What causes changes in the weather?
B.   What's the weather like in Britain?
C.   Who should be responsible for the droughts in Africa in the 1980s?
D.   Why does the weather in the UK make people badtempered?

3.   The weather in Britain is ________.
A.   random  
B.   moist 
C.   depressing  
D.   satisfying

4.   According to a traditional rhyme, if there is a red sky at night, the next day will be ________.
A.   windy  
B.   rainy  
C.   fine  
D.   snowy

5.   Which of the following statements is true?
A.   Anticyclones often bring rain and wind.
B.   Weather forecasting has been done for a long time.
C.   Weather could never be predicted.
D.   Modern methods of weather prediction are developed from folk wisdom.

     Sixteen years ago. Eileen Doyle's husband. an engineer. took his four children up for an early morning
cup of tea. packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again.Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair.They had been a happy family and. as far as she knew. there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.
     Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so
much as a note or a goodbye close the front door for the last time. leaving their debts. their worries and
their confused families behind them.Last year. more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were
reported missing from home-the highest in 15 years.Many did return home within a year. but others
rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.
     To those left behind. this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and selfconfidence.Even the
finality of death might be preferable.At least it does not imply rejection or failure.Worse than that. people
can be left with an unfinished marriage. not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.
     Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than
impulsive."It's typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people's pain and
difficulties.Running away. like killing yourself. is a highly aggressive act.By creating an absence the people
left behind feel guilty. upset and empty."

1．When her husband left home. Eileen Doyle ________.
A．could not forgive him for taking the children
B．had been expecting it to happen for some time
C．could not understand why
D．blamed herself for what had happened

2．Most people who leave their families behind them ________.
A．do so without warning  
B．do so because of their debts
C．come back immediately  
D．change their names

3．Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spouse because ________.
A．their spouse would feel no pain during the death
B．their spouse death would not blow their pride and confidence
C．a desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failure
D．their spouse death would make them feel less painful

4．Which might be the title of the passage?
A．Broken marriage    
B．New life after desertion
C．A new social problem  
D．Desertion and its influence

5．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Many people choose to leave home quietly because they hate their family.
B．Paul Brown regards leaving home as an act of selfishness.
C．Those who are left behind will lose confidence and won't marry again.
D．Eileen's husband. together with his four kids. was probably killed in an accident.