Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess,if they are properly used.If fire did not hurt when it burnt,children would play it until their hands were burnt away.Similarly,if pain existed but fear did not,a child would burn itself again and again,because fear would not warn the child to keep away from the fire that had burnt him or her before.A really fearless soldier-and some do exist-is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army.Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out. In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used.If,for example,you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car,you are letting fear rule you too much.Even in your house you are not absolutely safe:a plane may crash on your house,or ants may eat away some of the wood in your roof,and they later may fall on you,or you may get cancer! The important thing is not to let fear rule you,but instead to use fear as your servant and guide.Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases,you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger.For example,you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you,you jump out of the way,and all is OK. In some cases,however,you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger.For example,you cannot prevent a plane from crashing into your house,and you may not want to go and live in a desert where there are no plants.In this case,fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action,so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you,and you have to try to overcome it.1. Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if________.A. they were given no warning beforehandB. they didn't have any sense of pain at allC. they had never burnt themselvesD. they felt afraid of the fire2. A really fearless soldier________.A. is of a little use to his armyB. is not afraid of battles at allC. is nothing but a dead soldierD. is easy to get killed in a battle3. People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding dangers because________.A. they are warned of the danger and take quick actionB. they are quick both in mind and in actionC. they are calm in face of dangerD. they have gained much experience4. It is implied but not stated that________.A. fear is always something helpfulB. too much fear is harmfulC. fear should be used as a servant and guideD. fear is something strange and particular
Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教会) or other non-profit groups. Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service. Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency(实习阶段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low. Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies. Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.1. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _______. A. a churchB. a corporationC. a cityD. a state2. The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _______.A. schooling and retrainingB. practice in a hospitalC. facilities he or she usesD. education he or she receives3. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?A. About seven years.B. Eight years. C. Ten years.D. About twelve years.4. Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _______.A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of themB. they can take turns to work long hoursC. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulderD. no one wants to assume too much responsibility5. Which of the following statements could fully express the author's view towards physicians’ payment in the USA?A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded.
