6．Does stress cause gray hair?Many people believe that tension and stress can cause your hair to los——青夏教育精英家教网——

6．Does stress cause gray hair？Many people believe that tension and stress can cause your hair to lose its color．In fact，it is an old wives tale that being upset all the time can result in premature graying．Here is a closer look at this situation and why some believe that this old wives tale could be true．
As one ages，the hairs on the head also age．In fact，just about everything on the human body begins to show signs of wear and tear after a while．The joints wear become stiff and skin wears and becomes wrinkled．Hairs on the head grow and eventually die．They are replaced，but in the process something else happens．
When new hairs are replaced，the color or pigment（色素）is also added to them．However，as one ages，this pigment becomes less and less available．At first，hairs will have a limited amount of pigment and they will appear to be grayish in color．In time，they will lose all of their pigment and will be white．Many things are known to cause graying and genetics is a very powerful factor．If one of your parents turns gray at an early age，there is a good chance that you will too．Some people begin the graying process in high school，while others may be over the age of forty．
Constant worry and tension can have many harmful effects on the human body．It is a known fact that stressful times can cause one to suffer hair loss．It would make sense that if it can cause these problems，perhaps it also may contribute to graying．However，there is no sound evidence to support this．
On the other hand，many medical professionals believe that there may be a link：between graying and a constant state of anxiety or tension．Does stress cause gray hair？There is no scientific evidence to support the theory，but it is best to avoid stressful situations．
24．The underlined phrase in the first paragraph most probably meansA．
A．silly remarks
B．clever remarks
C．exciting remarks
D．disappointed remarks
25．The second paragraph mainly tells usC．
A．every part of body is replaced with age
B．hairs will grow weak but not die
C．every part of body ages with age
D．skin becomes wrinkled with age
26．From the passage we can infer thatD．
A．sound evidence has been found．
B．gray hair has nothing to do with tension．
C．stressful situations can be of benefit．
D．stress causing gray hair is still in question．
27．What might play the most important role in the graying process？B
A．Genetics and the amount of sleeping time．
B．The amount of pigment and genetics．
C．The amount of food people eat and living environment．
D．Genetics and the amount of water people drink．

5．Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat．Often you eat not because you are hungry，but because you are affected by many other things．How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat．People eating alone eat least．People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home．People dining in a party of four eat 75percent more．Eating with overweight friends？You'll eat more．Is your waitress overweight？
You'll eat more．Wide variety of food？You'll eat more．
   Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes．If people ate it off a paper plate，they'd say，"This is good．"If they ate it off a fancy silver plate，they would say，"This is the greatest cake I've eaten in my entire life．"
    Your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat．You tend to eat more when you think the food is good，and less when you think it is bad．So Grandma's cookies always taste better than other cookies．"Good food"even has a"health halo（光环） effect"．If we're eating something healthy，we feel that everything in that meal is healthy．Due to this，people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories （卡路里） than the cheese cake alone．That's perhaps also why eating organic （有机的） food might turn you into an annoying guy．Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behaviour．
    Food and hunger affect your judgment too．Hungry judges give more serious sentences．Kids who don't eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast．People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions．
28．What is mentioned as a cause of overeating？D
A．Suffering from great loneliness．
B．Being served by a helpful waitress．
C．Being treated to high quality food．
D．Eating with many friends．
29．According to the passage，an annoying person may be one whoA．
A．finds any excuse for eating more
B．is crazy about the quality of plates
C．competes with others in making cookies
D．teaches people to stick to morality
30．According to the passage，people are more likely to make a bad judgment whenC．
A．they don't feel hungry
B．they aren't overweight
C．they have low blood sugar
D．they know little about food
31．What would be the best title for the passage？B
A．When Can't We Go on a Diet？
B．Why Affects Eating？
C．How to Make Good Food
D．Where to Find Safe Food．

4．People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans（寿命）that are similar to humans，living for around 50 to 70 years．
    Now scientists believe they know why．A team at the University of Chicago，US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors（肿瘤）developing．To be precise，they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53 in elephants．Most other species，including humans，only carry one copy．
    According to the research，the extra copies of the gene improved the animal's sensitivity to DNA damage，which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors．
"An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals，"the study author Dr Vincent Lynch told The Guardian．If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous（癌变的），large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice．But across species，the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass．
    This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named"Peto's paradox（悖论）"．Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not．In the elephant's case，the making of TP53 is nature's way of keeping this species alive．
    The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice，they had the same cancer resistance as elephants．This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancers spreading or even developing in the first place．
"Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer，"said Joshua Schiffman，a biologist at the School of Medicine，University of Utah，US．"It's up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people．"
32．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer？D
A．They have a rather large body size．
B．Their genes suffer no DNA damage．
C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors．
D．They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing．
33．According to the passage，what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals？A
A．Deadly tumors．
B．The huge body mass．
C．Cells killing themselves．
D．Sensitivity to DNA damage．
34．What does the underlined part"This phenomenon"in Paragraph 5 probably refer to？B
A．Larger animals have protection from TP53．
B．The risk of cancer is not related to body size．
C．Larger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones．
D．The larger animals are，the bigger risk of cancer they will have．
35．What can be concluded from the passage？C
A．Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer．
B．The TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people．
C．Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53．
D．The extra copies of elephants'genes are used to cure cancer patients．

3．______ the old man's son wanted to know was _____ the gold had been hidden．（　　）

2．-Does it rain a lot in this area？
-_______，it hardly ever rains； the climate is liked that of a desert．（　　）

On the contrary

1．The students wonder____good the course will do to their future jobs．（　　）

20．Devon，17，is used to paying her own cell phone and car expenses．But lately it's been harder．The family she baby-sits for hasn't been calling as much as usual and she couldn't find a job over the summer．Devon's dad said it's a sign of the tough economy．He told her he's feeling the pinch too and that he had to use her college fund to pay the loan（货款）．
This kind of money troubles isn't strange to common families these days．In fact，it's hard to avoid news about the economy on the screen of the TV or the computers recently．It can seem a bit worry and some families are hit really hard．
For most people，the big problem is that things cost more at a time when they have less money to spend．But higher prices aren't the only problem．Many people are having a tough time making payments on some types of home loans．
Therefore，some families are cutting back on what they spend．For example，eating out less，staying home instead of going on vacation，moving to a less expensive house and so on．
However，as discouraging as things may seem now，the good news is that the economy always gets back on track after a while．Jobs may be hard to find，but the slow economy can open up new opportunities．The couple Devon babysat for might cut back on evening's out，but they could be interested in hiring her for after-school care．Perhaps it's time to sell her old toys and baby gear （设备）in the basement（地下室） or help others sell these items online if she is-good at it．She could charge them a fee to sell their old stuff（东西）．

72．What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph refer to？B
A．Getting hurt．
B．Short of money．
C．Out of work．
D．Receiving less calls．
73．According to the passage，what constantly appears on the screen nowadays？A
A．News on the tough economy．
B．Devon's family troubles．
C．Advertisements for babysitters．
D．Information on yard sales．
74．What do people do to overcome the tough economy？C
A．To strike for high pay．
B．To open a new store to sell toys．
C．To cut down their expense．
D．To move to other places for vocations．
75．The passage is mainly aboutB．
A．Devon's own family money troubles
B．family troubles'made by tough economy
C．ways of solving the slow economy
D．the increasing prices and expenses．

19．A Subway Superhero
Wesley Autrey can't fly，but he is still being called a real-life Superman!Last week，the brave 50-year-old rescued Cameron Hollopeter，20，from being hit by a train．The train was entering a subway station in New York City．The young man had fallen from the station's platform and onto the train tracks a few feet below．
Autrey，a construction worker and Navy veteran（老兵），was with his two young daughters when he saw Hollopeter fall．Autrey made a quick decision and jumped onto the tracks．He then rolled himself and Hollopeter into a gap，or opening，between the rails．Autrey used his own body to protect the young man．
Five of the train's cars passed over the two before stopping completely．The two men were both unharmed．Hollopeter's stepmother，Rachel Hollopeter，called Autrey an"angel"．Autrey visited the New York Film Academy student in the hospital on Wednesday．
For his bravery，Autrey was given a hero's welcome at City Hall．New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presented Autrey with the Bronze Medallion （铜奖章）．It is the city''s highest award for achievements by its citizens．Mayor Bloomberg called Audrey"a great man-a man who makes us all proud to be New Yorkers．"
After the ceremony at City Hall，a limousine （豪华轿车）took Autrey to a meeting with multimillionaire businessman Donald Trump．Trump awarded Autrey with﹩10，000．The heroic father also received﹩5，000 from the New York Film Academy，a trip to Disney World，and one year of free sub way rides．
Even after all this attention； Autrey still doesn't see himself as a Superman．"I did it out of a split-second reaction，"Autrey said on CBS'The Early Show．"And if I had to do it again，I probably would．"

56．Wesley Autrey is still being called a real-life Superman becauseB
A．he can rescue anybody in danger as he has the ability to fly
B．he rescued a young man from being hit by a running train
C．he protected his daughters from harm in a subway station
D．he succeeded in stopping a train from running over a passenger
57．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？D
A．When he saw Hollopeter fall，Wesley Autrey was waiting for someone alone．
B．When he saw Hollopeter fall，he thought over a long period of time before he jumped onto the tracks．
C．After he saw Hollopeter fall，he made a quick decision and pulled the young man out of the track as soon as possible．
D．After he saw Hollopeter fall，he quickly made a decision to protect Hollopeter from harm．
58．In order to honor Autrey's bravery，New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg gave AutreyCas a reward．
A．a cheque of﹩10，000 B．a limousine
C．the Bronze Medallion D．a cheque of﹩5，000
59．It can be inferred that if Autrey met with another accident like this one，heD．
A．would not do it again for he was afraid of losing his own life
B．would do it again for getting another piece of Bronze Medallion
C．would do it again so as to get another 15000-dollar cheque as a prize
D．would also do it out of his own conscience．

18．When I was a child，I was shocked at the idea that my sisters could be my best friends．Now，I wouldn't have it any other way．At the time，the idea of my tow sisters being my closest friends seemed strange to me．we fought all the time over toys，food，attention，what to watch on television-you name it，we quarreled about it at some point．How could my sisters be my best friends？They weren't the same age as I．we all had our own friends in school．
My mother never let the three of us forget that sisters are lifelong friends．Her wish like most parents'was to give us something that she never had．Growing up as an only child，she longed for siblings．When she gave birth to three daughters，the fulfillment of her dream had only just begun．She had given each of us a gift and she wanted to make sure we did not take that gift for granted．She would frequently tell us how lucky we were．But there were others，more subtle ways that she encouraged us to grow closer．She never showed favoritism to one daughter over the other-skating，shopping，swimming-so we developed common interests．And when we were teenagers，Mom always punished us equally，giving us yet another bonding（结合的）experience．
We didn't always get along beautifully and fought just like any other siblings．But somewhere in between Mom's lectures，the family vacations and the shared memories，we realized that our mother was right．Today I share things with my sisters that I do with no one else．My sister Cindy and I ran the New York City Marathon together，side by side，even holding hands when we crossed the finish lien．When my sister Karen got married，I was her maid of honor．Cindy and I traveled through Europe together and even shared an apartment for two years．The three of us trust each other with our greatest secrets．
It was twenty-three years ago that my mother first asked me who my two best friends were．Today she doesn't have to．She already knows．

72．As a child，the author was shocked at her mother's idea becauseD
A．her sisters seemed strange to her
B．her sisters didn't like to be her friends
C．none of the girls had their own friends
D．she and her sisters shares little in common
73．The underline word"siblings"in the second paragraph meansA
A．sisters     B．parents    C．daughters   D．friends
74．How did the author's mother encourage her three daughters to grow closerB？
A．She punished her daughter differently．
B．She showed equal love to her daughters．
C．She encouraged her daughters to do sports．
D．She often took her daughters to many places．
75．The best title of the passage could beA．
A．The Greatest Gift          B．Mother's Love
C．Growing Experiences        D．Unforgettable Memories．

17．Jack Benny was one of the most famous names in show business．As a child，Benny learned to play the violin．After finishing his school，he joined the Navy．He continued using his violin to perform for sailors．In one show he was chosen more for his funny jokes than for his skill with the violin．That experience made him believe that his future job was a comedian．
Benny developed a show personality that had all the qualities people dislike．He was known for being so stingy-he refused to spend any money unless forced to do so．On his shows Benny often spoke of his appearance，especially his baby blue eyes．As he grew older，he always claimed to be 39years old．Benny rarely make jokes that hurt other people．Instead，he would let the other actors on the show tell jokes about him．
In real life，he was very giving and he was a person people liked having as their employer．Benny entered the new media of television in 1950．Five years later，he dropped his radio program to spend more time developing his television show．At first his appearances on television were rare．By 1960the Benny Show was a weekly television program．It continued until 1965．Benny appeared in about twenty films during his life．a few became popular．But most were not．In 1963Benny returned to Broadway for the first time since 1931．
Benny received many awards during his lifetime．Perhaps the one honor that pleased him most was that his hometown of Waukeegan named a school for him．This was a special honor for a man who had never finished high school．
Benny continued to perform．He died of cancer in 1974．At his funeral his friend Bob Hope said，"Jack Benny was stingy to the end．He gave us only eighty years．"

60．Benny was determined to be a comedianC．
A．after he played the violin for the sailors
B．after he left he Navy for Broadway
C．after he performed in a show for the sailors
D after he joined the Navy with his violin
61．The underlined word"stingy"can be replaced by"B"
A．clever B．mean C．out-going D hard-working
62．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Benny？D
A．His first appearance on TV was very successful
B．Most of his films became well-known to Americans
C．Benny treated all his awards as nothing
D His greatest achievement was developing show business
63．We can learn from Bob Hope's words thatA
A．he felt very sad about Benny's death
B．Benny devoted himself to developing TV business
C．eighty years was enough for common people，but not for Benny
D Benny performed only eighty years．

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