Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our Study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see一and guide whether we see fear.”

To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.

“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,” Dr Garfinkel said.

“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

1.What is the finding of the study?

A. One’s heart affects how he feels fear.

B. Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.

C. Fear has something to do with one’s health.

D. One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

2.The study was carried out by analyzing .

A. volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

C. volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart—brain communication

3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

A. Order. B. System.

C. Machine. D. Treatment.

4.This study may contribute to .

A. treating anxiety and stress better.

B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

C. finding the key to the heart-brain communication

D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

NSE Summer School is suitable for those who are at, or are about to start university. It will begin accepting applications in January, 2013.

Courses: Accounting and Finance; Economics; Management; Law; International Relations; Government and Society

Dates: Session 1:7 July一25 July

Session 2:28 July——15 August

Rate: Standard Rate: One session: $ 1400; Both sessions: $ 2400

Reduced Student Rate: One session: $ 1100; Both sessions: $ 1875

The reduced student rate applies to full—time students registered at a university or college anywhere in the world. Accommodation is not included, and fees range from $ 500 to $ 1000 for 20 nights.

Applicant requirements:

If you have studied in the USA then you do not need any additional English qualifications. Students from other countries will generally not require a visa to study at Summer School, you will enter the USA as a “Student Visitor”. You are permitted to change courses before the start of the program and within the first three days of the session.

Contact hours and teaching methods:

Summer School courses are full—time and normally consist of 48 contact hours over the three—week period, taking the form of 36 hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes. Lectures, attended by all students, take place in either the morning or afternoon supplemented by small one—hour classes, of approximately 15 students.

Assessment and examinations:

Assessment for Summer School is based upon the results of either two written examinations, or a final written examination and assessment work. Everyone is required to take the examinations and no exception can be made for any reason.

Summer School lecture series:

Famous economists—Tony Giddens and David Held一have agreed to give lectures to Summer School participants in July, 2013.

If any questions, please click here to see our Frequently Asked Questions／Contact Us Page.

1.During the course, .

A. students can learn about everything from culture to science

B. students can choose not to attend the lectures they don’t like

C. world—famous economists will give students lessons every day

D. all the students must take part in the exams without any excuse

2.From the Passage, we can 1earn that .

A. the program is specially designed for foreign students

B. NSE Summer School is a university—level program

C. students can change their courses whenever they want to

D. a visa is required to study at the NSE Summer School

3.The purpose of the advertisement is to .

A. attract students to NSE Summer School

B. introduce famous economists to students

C. help students to pass the final exams

D. advertise for new staff for university

4.You will most probably find this passage .

A. in a newspaper B. in a guidebook

C. on a webpage D. in a magazine

What exactly is a Dream Career? I am sure it means different things to different people. You could presently be unsure about what your final job would be. If you have any doubts about what your dream career is, you may know which careers you definitely would not like to do. For example, if you have an interest in art, and do not like math, you most certainly would not like being a mechanical engineer. If you love art, and have no artistic talent, maybe you would like to be around art instead, as an art curator(馆长).

A career related to your passion, hobby, or special interest, is the path to follow in finding your dream job. Try thinking about what things you like to do in your spare time. Many are attracted toward turning what they love to do in their off work hours into a full time job. For example, if you like to put together model cars, maybe you would like opening your own hobby shop, or work for someone who owns one.

Once you find what you are interested in doing, you can then match this to a career which will be similar to what you are passionate about. What you consider a dream career has to center around what kind of person you actually are. This is called your Career Personality. What type of person do you consider yourself to be? People are naturally attracted to those things which reflect who they are as unique individuals. For example, if you are slightly on the shy side, maybe you would like a job where you work on your own, relatively unsupervised, behind a computer. If you are outgoing, maybe you would like to work with others, and be the supervisor.

All it may take to find our dream career is to know ourselves a little better, trust in our own judgment, and be realistic about what we can attain occupationally. This is how I found what I am doing now.

1.What’s the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain what a dream career really is.

B. To offer tips on finding a dream career.

C. To tell us what Career Personality means.

D. To give examples of different personalities.

2.Which of the following about Career Personality is TRUE?

A. One should choose a dream career by his／her personality.

B. Choosing a dream career depends on a person’s ability.

C. One should choose a dream career according to the reality.

D. One should try different types of careers by his／her ability.

3.Which of the following is what we need to find a dream career?

a. Realizing our ability.

b. Believing in ourselves.

c. Having a better understanding of ourselves.

d. Considering the background of our family.

A. a, c, d B. a, b, c

C. b, c, d D. a, c, d

4.From the second paragraph we learn your dream career has something to do with the following EXCEPT .

A. your hobby B. your special interest

C. your part—time job D. your passion

Have you ever thought, “I wish I could take a year off and just travel around the word?” Well, three lucky American teenagers were able to do just that. The teens — two males and one female — got an all-expenses paid, yearlong hike to five continents.

This trip didn’t include any five-star hotels or shopping funs. Eighteen-year-old Jamie Fiel from Keller, Texas, 17-year-old Arsen Ewing from Canyon, California, and 16-year-old Tyler Robinson from Lincoln, Massachusetts, didn’t expect fancy treatment. They signed up for the experience of a lifetime, which included hard work, often uncomfortable accommodations, and encounters with some of nature’s most dangerous animals and environments.

Jamie, Arsen, and Tyler were among hundreds of high school kids nominated by their science teachers to take this trip. Earthwatch Institute sponsored this adventure. Each year, Earthwatch employs thousands of volunteers worldwide to help with scientific research projects.

The group went all around the world to get a close look at the most pressing environmental issues of our time. Their assignments were as varied as their locations, and included measuring and attending pink flamingos in Kenya’s Great Rift Valley, and tracking giant sea turtles in Costa Rica.

As they worked with the Earthwatch scientists, Jamie, Arsen, and Tyler began to understand that we are at a critical moment in the life of our planet. Time for change is running out. As the teens went from country to country and witnessed different environmental dangers and challenges, they understood that solutions to important environmental issues start with the power of one person’s actions. They realized that each of them can make a difference.

1.These teenagers went on the journey around the world .

A. to experience the most serous environmental problems on the earth

B. to bring the kindness of America to the other parts of the world

C. to go on sightseeing around the world

D. to call on more teenagers to join Earthwatch Institute

2.What’s TRUE about their journey?

A. They had to pay for their journey on their own expense.

B, They often had to move from one hotel to another.

C. They had to take great pains to collect environmental information.

D. They received a warm welcome every time they arrived at a new place.

3.It can be inferred that Earthwatch Institute could be .

A. an international university that takes in students from all over the world

B. a TV station that makes programmes on the beautiful scenery of the earth

C. a travel agency that organizes adventure trips specially for school children

D. an organization that bring s science to life for people concerned about earth’s environment

What is life's greatest gift? 1. Choice is the ability to select one course of action from a set of alternatives to achieve a goal. What is so great about choice? It transform us from dumb animals into artist. Each of us becomes another Michelangelo. Choice becomes nothing other than the tool we use to sculpt(雕刻) our life. The tool doesn’t come free, however, for the price of choice is responsibility. 2. The reward is happiness.

Life is not still. It is a flow. 3. We constantly need to monitor where we are on our journey. We need to ask questions: Am I moving closer to my goals? If not, what corrective measures can I take? What action will I take now to readjust(再调整) myself to my goals? Choice is power. Choice is at the heart of life. It is the creative power of life.

4. And your life becomes more convenient or comfortable because of them. For example. you decide which stores to shop at and which gas station to go to. But the decisions that we make to sculpt our life are far mote important than deciding where to shop. The more we appreciate the difference between minor and major decisions, the greater the probability that we will experience happiness and fulfillment.

All chess lovers realize that it isn’t necessary to win to enjoy the game. The pleasure is in the playing. Life is like a chess game. 5.

A．It is free will or choice.

B．You have to make choices every day.

C．Make the best moves you can under the circumstances.

D．But when we accept and carry it out, we get a great return.

E. Every choice we make leads us closer to or farther from our goals.

F. Life is full of hard choices, and the bigger they are, the harder they get.

G. Choose to carry out responsibilities not because you have to, but because you want to.

The secret of success is what you say not what you think. Several years ago, I started representing a new service in the . I started out like a wildfire and within a few days I had reached stardom(明星的地位) within the company. About a year into it. I started to work with a young lady who always said the most and defeating things I’d ever heard in my life. , I found myself repeating the very same defeatism(失败情绪), which my sales dropping and my shining stardom fading away, and I couldn’t understand .

At first, I myself to say negative things about , and then after some ,

the tables turned and I began to those things about myself. Before long, I had 51

myself into being a failure. Did it happen ? No, it snuck(偷偷跑来) its way into my life; little by little. I’m sure you’re what I did to get out of that hole that I dug for myself. I started to talk myself back into being ; I printed lists of things to say about myself, most of which was the exact of what I felt about myself at the time.

In order to achieve anything in life, you have to believe that you can achieve it; in order to believe that you can achieve you have to think it’s possible; in order to think it’s possible you have to tell yourself it is. Yes, it will take time for you to get to a place where you finally believe you can accomplish what you set out to achieve, but the first person you have to is yourself. I dare you to write positive things down about yourself and start saying them to yourself every morning, at lunch and just before you go to bed for the next 30 days and see for yourself the that it can make. You have nothing to except the negative and that wouldn’t be such a bad thing.

1.A. careerB. school C. marketplaceD. hospital

2.A. justB. evenC. aloneD. yet

3.A. positiveB. activeC. reliableD. negative

4.A. SimplyB. EventuallyC. ActuallyD. Hopefully

5.A. resulted from B. resulted inC. preventedD. protected

6.A. why B. howC. whichD. when

7.A. advisedB. allowedC. forbadeD. forced

8.A. anyoneB. everyoneC. someoneD. others

9.A. dislikeB. prideC. disappointmentsD. pleasure

10.A. thinkB. speakC. sayD. find

11.A. toldB. lookedC. 1eftD. talked

12.A. unfortunatelyB. overnightC. carefullyD. slowly

13.A. wonderingB. noticingC. rememberingD. reflecting

14.A. successfulB. honestC. hardworkingD. special

15.A. passive B. rudeC. positiveD. silly

16.A. thoughtB. awareC. sameD. opposite

17.A. onlyB. firstC. veryD. 1ast

18.A. catchB. arrange[来源:学科网C. remindD. convince

19.A. advanceB. stepC. differenceD. change

20.A. lose B. prepareC. takeD. keep

Opportunities don’t come often. They come every once in a while. Very often, they come quietly and go by without 1.(notice). Therefore, it is advisable 2. you should value and treat them with care. When an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it3. its own. If you want to achieve something 4. intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. 5. , you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you. The difference between a man who succeeds and 6.

who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. The 7. (success) person, on8. other hand, works little and just waits to see them pass by. 1n my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified 9. (high) can make use of them to achieve 10. purposes.

假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。

修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Gary,

I’m really sorry about my using the mobile phone in your lecture the last week. Please receive my apology for being such rude a student. But I didn’t use the mobile phone for any reason. I was trying to find a part-time job last week and that day, I got a job offer and they need my further informations immediately. However, I had no other choice but try sending them a text message in class. I promise it will ever happen again. But I do need my phone back to get in touch with others. Will you be kindly enough to give it back to me? Thank you.

近来某网站对人们外出旅游的频率和目的进行了一次问卷调查，结果见下图。请根据图表提供的信息用英语写一篇短文，介绍图表所示此次调查结果，并谈谈你自己外出旅游的目的。词数100左右。文章的开头已经给出。

Recently an online survey on traveling has been conducted. In the survey, people are asked about how often and why they travel, and the results are as follows.

Owning a smart phone may not be as smart as you think. They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and snap photos wherever you are… but they also turn you into a workaholic, it seems.

A study suggests that, by giving you access to emails at all times, the all-singing, all-dancing mobile phone adds as much as two hours to your working day. Researchers found that Britons work an additional 460 hours a year on average as they are able to respond to emails on their mobiles.

The study by technology retailer Pixmania reveals the average UK working day is between 9 and 10 hours, but a further two hours is spent responding to or sending work emails, or making work calls. More than 90 percent of office workers have an email-enabled phone, with a third accessing them more than 20 times a day. Almost one in ten admits spending up to three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails. Some workers confess they are on call almost 24 hours a day, with nine out of ten saying they take work emails and calls outside their normal working hours. The average time for first checking emails is between 6 am and 7 am, with more than a third checking their first email in this period, and a quarter checking them between 11 pm and midnight.

Ghadi Hobeika, marketing director of Pixmania, said, “The ability to access literally millions of apps, keep in contact via social networks and take photos and video as well as text and call has made smart phones invaluable for many people. However, there are drawbacks. Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and smart phones mean that people literally cannot get away from work. The more constantly in contact we become, the more is expected of us in a work capacity.”

1.What can we conclude from the text?

A. All that glitters is not gold.

B. Every coin has two sides.

C. It never rains but pours.

D. It’s no good crying over spilt milk.

2.The underlined word “accessing” in the third paragraph can be replaced by .

A. calling B. reaching

C. getting D. using

3.Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. The average UK working day is between nine and twelve hours.

B. Nine-tenths spend over three hours checking work emails.

C. One fourth check their first mails between 11 pm and midnight.

D. The average time for first checking emails is between 6 am and 8 am.

4.What’s the main idea of the text?

A. Workaholics like smart phones.

B. Smart phones bring about extra work.

C. Smart phones make our live easier.

D. Employers don’t like smart phones.