Clean water ______the village people in the flooded area.

A. is not easily accessible to B. has no easy access to

C. is not easily accessible for D. has no easy access for

－Jack, how can I turn on this ipod?

－__________.

A. Allow me! B. So what?

C. Hold on. D. Nothing much.

My parents had always prepared for hurricanes. It is what      people do in Florida because “you never know”. For us, that     a white metal cabinet (储藏柜) in our utility room (杂用间) filled with cans of food. We could      eat anything out of the cabinet because “you never know” when a hurricane will come.

As a kid, I was      about the white cabinet. I thought it was kind of strange to have food in the utility room. But, one look from my mother      me from opening the door to glance inside.

One year, Channel 4 reported that Hurricane Dora was      for the northern part of Florida. Soon the storm got  and the wind blew. Then, the tall pine trees started to sway. And,      “sway”, I meant “ fall over or crash down on anything in their way”. We were lucky, as the       went other directions and didn’t take our power out.

However, when my mother started cooking, the power was out.      I calculated it was time to crack open that white cabinet. But, Dad thought it was time to      up the charcoal grill（烧烤架 ） outside where it was raining and windy. To this day, I never      a man’s love for his grill.

Our power came back for a while. So, my mother began cooking everything she could and       it away, to the neighbors, to friends without power, to anyone with      . I was hoping that the fried chicken was going to find its way to our     . But, it didn’t. And, just as the last of the food was sent out and she began to work on our dinner, yes, we lost our     . It was time for 20 minutes’ eggs on the grill.

Oh, the white metal cabinet. No. We never     it. We weren’t “that bad off” as I understand it. And, for years I      how bad off we would have to be to eat out of that cabinet. Perhaps it was just the      of it, the thought that it was there watching our backs      we wanted a can of beans or some potted meat. I don’t know if that was what was in there. Anyway, I never looked inside.

1.A. braveB. seriousC. generousD. smart

2.A. said B. meantC. showedD. presented

3.A. forever B. alwaysC. never D. ever

4.A. doubtfulB. concernedC. anxiousD. curious

5.A. banned B. keptC. defendedD. protected

6.A. reachingB. lookingC. headingD. going

7.A. round B. downC. farD. close

8.A. by B. withC. forD. to

9.A. wallsB. polesC. treesD. bushes

10.A. YetB. OtherwiseC. NeverthelessD. So

11.A. startB. useC. breakD. hold

12.A. questionB. mentionC. investigateD. appreciate

13.A. puttingB. turningC. giving                      D. clearing

14.A. loveB. powerC. diligenceD. difficulty

15.A. cupboardB. roomC. bedD. table

16.A. foodB. powerC. waterD. money

17.A. openedB. lockedC. fixedD. cleaned

18.A. examinedB. analyzedC. wonderedD. imagined

19.A. purposeB. problemC. thoughtD. conclusion

20.A. whereverB. wheneverC. howeverD. whatever

WASHINGTON The head of the World Bank says for the first time in human history, it is possible to end poverty around the world. Jim Yong Kim told a Washington audience Tuesday, he wants to make ending world poverty by 2030 a top goal for the bank and governments around the world.

World Bank President Jim Yong Kim says that the problems of poverty, hunger and inequality are wide, urgent and a matter of survival of millions.

“We know that despite the great successes of the last decade, there are still about 1.3 billion people living in extreme poverty, 870 million who go hungry every day, and 6.9 million children under five dying every year,” he said.

But Kim told a Washington audience that the previous successful efforts to cut the number of people living in extreme poverty by half give them hope.

“We are at an auspicious moment in history, when the successes of past decades and an increasingly favourable economic outlook combine to give developing countries a chance－for the first time ever－to end extreme poverty within a generation,” he said in a speech at Georgetown University. “Our duty now must be to ensure that these favourable circumstances are matched with deliberate decisions to realize this historic opportunity.”

Kim says success will require increasing the speed of economic growth, particularly in South Africa and South Asia.

But he warned that civil unrest could happen if economic growth does not help people at all income levels, and also include women and youth．

Kim says that the World Bank and other development agencies will have more resources to get this job done right. “Meeting this 2030 goal will take extraordinary effort,” he said.

However, Kim warned that all the progress in fighting poverty could be destroyed by climate disasters unless the nations of the world do more to prevent climate change.

1.In the opinion of Jim Yong Kim, world poverty _____．

A. is difficult but hopeful to end by 2030

B. exists only in Africa and Asia

C. is not quite hard to end by 2030

D. will be sure to disappear by 2030

2.Which of the following gives Jim Yong Kim the hope to end world poverty?

A.Economic growth is increasing in developing countries．

B.Great successes have been achieved in science and technology．

C.A decreasing number of people are living in poverty．

D.All countries have started to fight poverty．

3.The underlined word "auspicious" in Paragraph 5 most probably means "_____"．

A. unforgettable B. lucky

C. disappearing D. important

4.What’s the passage mainly about?

A.The key of ending world poverty is preventing climate change.

B.A top goal－ending world poverty will possibly be achieved by 2030.

C.The success of ending poverty－economic growth.

D.The progress in fighting poverty.

Since 2004，Time magazine has six times made a survey to name the l00 most influential people in the world．Only one person has appeared on it for six times, Oprah Winfrey．

Born in l954 in Mississippi，Oprah Winfrey spent her early years living in poverty with her grandmother and later her absent mother, followed by unfair treatment by her unfriendly relatives．Worse still，she was addicted to drugs and at the young age of l4，she gave birth to a baby, who died after a few months．Finally she was sent to live with her strict father in Tennessee. Amazingly though，her father’s rules did make sure she received a good education and finally overcame her problems．

Oprah’s media career began at age l7．She became the co-author of local news in Baltimore in her early 20’s．Her first local talk show, People Are Talking, was first performed in l978，when she was 24．

In l986，Oprah moved to Chicago to host a low-rated half-hour morning talk show, AM Chicago．Oprah talks like a family member in your and my house．Within months she took over，the show became the highest-rated talk show in Chicago．It was renamed The Oprah Winfrey Show．

Only two years after hosting the show, she was able to set up her own production company Harpo, and buy the full rights to The Oprah Winfery Show．She is also involved in magazine publishing，books，education and a lifestyle channel for women with the aim of improving people’s lives, inspiring and praising good honest values，making the world a better place for present and future generations．

As her business grew, so did her wealth and power, and she became the first ever black billionaire in 2003 and the most powerful woman in media broadcasting．The amazing influence she has over a large part of the American public means that anything she promotes on her shows is guaranteed to succeed.

1.What do we know about Oprah’s childhood?

A．She lived with her mother for 14 years．

B．She married young and brought up a baby．

C．she lacked concern and care．

D．She couldn’t stand her father's rules．

2.Why was The Oprah Winfrey Show so popular?

A．Oprah was very famous in the world．B．Oprah talked in a family way in the show．

C．Oprah was the co-author of the show．D．Oprah had the full rights to the show．

3.Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．Oprah Winfrey was the most influential woman in America．

B．Oprah Winfrey hosted her first local talk show in her 20’s．

C．AM Chicago became the highest-rated immediately after Oprah hosted it.

D．Oprah Winfrey was the first billionaire in media broadcasting．

4.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?

A．Oprah was a quite successful woman．

B：Oprah aimed to be wealthy and powerful．

C．What Oprah promoted was sure to succeed．

D．Oprah became the most influential woman．

Grasshoppers are having to change their song — one of the iconic sounds of summer — to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic, ecologists have discovered. The study, published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations. Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons, including marking out territory, warning of predators and finding mates, and although previous research shows birds, whales and even frogs change their calls in noisy environments, the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now. Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers, half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads. The grasshoppers use their song to attract mates.

The team then studied the differences in the two groups' songs in the laboratory. To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper, and then recorded their courtship songs. Analysis of almost 1,000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations.

According to Lampe: "Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components. We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum(频谱)."

The team's findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshopper's mating system(交配系统). "Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways. It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly, prevent females from recognizing males of their own species, or impair females' ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song," Lampe explains.

Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication, the researchers now want to learn more about how the mechanism works, and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae（幼虫）, or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences.

The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe. Adults occur mainly between July and September, preferring dry grasslands. Around 1.5 cm long, they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple. The male's song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude (振幅) towards the end. The beginning of a phrase is characterized by slower ticking sounds that increase in speed and amplitude, leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase. A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases.

1.The author wrote the article to _________________.

A. introduce how grasshoppers make noises to attract mates.

B. raise the awareness of protecting bow-winged grasshoppers.

C. inform us of a recent discovery of ecological research.

D. warn us that human-made noise has changed ecological system.

2.Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?

A. Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate.

B. Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment.

C. Grasshoppers’ songs include both low and high frequency components.

D. Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe.

3.What does the underlined word “impair” in the fourth paragraph mean?

A. repair B. develop

C. weaken D. improve

4.Which of the following statements is true according the passage?

A. Road noise can cover the lower-frequency part of their song.

B. Animals make sounds only for the purpose of finding mates.

C. Grasshopper larvae learn to adapt to human-made noise.

D. Bow-winged grasshoppers grow up into adults in spring.

Mr. Hungerton, her father, really was absolutely centered upon his own silly self. If anything could have driven me from Gladys, it would have been the thought of such a father-in-law. I am convinced that he really believed in his heart that I came round to the Chestnuts three days a week for the pleasure of his company, and very especially to hear his views upon bimetallism (金银双币制).

For an hour or more that evening I listened to his tiring talk about bad money driving out good, and the true standards of exchange.

“Suppose,” he cried, “that all the debts in the world were called up at once, and immediate payment insisted upon,　what under our present conditions would happen then?”

I gave the self-evident answer that I should be a ruined man, upon which he jumped from his chair, scolding me for my thoughtless quickness, which made it impossible for him to discuss any reasonable subject in my presence.

At last I was alone with Gladys, and the moment of Fate had come! She sat with that proud, slim figure of hers outlined against the red curtain. How beautiful she was! Gladys was full of every womanly quality.

I was about to break the long and uneasy silence, when two critical, dark eyes looked round at me, and the proud head was shaken disapprovingly. “I have a feeling that you are going to propose(求婚), Ned. I do wish you wouldn’t; for things are so much nicer as they are.”

I drew my chair a little nearer. “Now, how did you know that I was going to propose?” I asked in wonder.

“Don’t women always know? Do you suppose any woman in the world was ever taken unawares? But．．．oh, Ned, our friendship has been so good and so pleasant! What a pity to spoil it! Don’t you feel how splendid it is that a young man and a young woman should be able to talk face to face as we have talked?”

She had sprung from her chair, as she saw signs that I proposed to announce some of my wants. “You’ve spoiled everything, Ned,” she said. “It’s all so beautiful and natural until this kind of thing comes in! It is such a pity! Why can't you control yourself?”

“But why can’t you love me, Gladys? Is it my appearance, or what?”

“No, it isn’t that.”

“My character?”

She nodded severely.

“What can I do to mend it?”

She looked at me with a wondering distrust which was much more to my mind than her whole-hearted confidence.

“Now tell me what’s wrong with me?”

“I’m in love with somebody else,” said she.

It was my turn to jump out of my chair.

“It’s nobody in particular,” she explained, laughing at the expression of my face: “only an ideal. I’ve never met the kind of man I mean.”

“Tell me about him. What does he look like?”

“Oh, he might look very much like you.”

“How dear of you to say that! Well, what is it that he does that I don’t do? I’ll have a try at it, Gladys, if you will only give me an idea what would please you.”

“Well, it is never a man that I should love, but always the glories he had won; for they would be reflected upon me. Think of Richard Burton! When I read his wife’s life with him I could so understand her love! And Lady Stanley! Did you ever read the wonderful last chapter of that book about her husband? These are the sort of men that a woman could adore with all her soul, and yet be the greater, not the less, on account of her love, honored by all the world as the inspirer of noble deeds.”

“And if I do——”

Her dear hand rested upon my lips. “Not another word, Sir! You should have been at the office for evening duty half an hour ago; only I hadn’t the heart to remind you. Some day, perhaps, when you have won your place in the world, we shall talk it over again.”

1.Why did the writer often come round to the Chestnuts?

A. To hear Mr. Hungerton’s views upon bimetallism.

B. To find the opportunity of staying with Gladys.

C. To learn Mr. Hungertong’s standards of exchange.

D. To discuss the present economy with Gladys

2.What can we infer from the passage?

A. It took great patience and courage for the writer to propose to Gladys.

B. Mr. Hungerton tried to stop the writer from proposing to his daughter.

C. It was difficult for Gladys to choose an ideal husband from her friends.

D. It was impossible for the writer to have any chance to marry Gladys.

3.Which of the following words can best describe Gladys?

A. Careful, choosy and stubborn.

B. Unfriendly, cold and self-centered.

C. Lovely, confident, and idealistic.

D. Simple-minded, active and attractive

1.A case of suspected food poisoning in New York has caused 6 high school students ____(send)to hospital.

2.She has had a number of different jobs, __________(range) from cook to baby-sitter.

3.Weibo as well as Wechat ______ (serve)as a media platform for people to share their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time.

4.－Any information about your son?

－No, if only I ___________(not say ) those rough words to him.

5. I find it important that all the plans _______(discuss) by the end of this month.

Observational Learning: To See Is to Know

A group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behaviors of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behaviors in their families and cultures: By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior grade one? By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were “fashionable,” and how to interact with instructors.

The people from whom you learn new behaviors through observing function as models, presenting a behavior to be imitated. With modeling, you observe others’ behaviors, and then none, some, or all of these behaviors may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Bandura’s classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn’t see an adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it) and being aggressive with the other toys in the room.

Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about what behaviors are appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated. All students need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them.

Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behaviors. Examples include letting high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first.

近来，你们学校对学生课外阅读文学作品情况作了调查。请根据以下要点写一篇文章，

谈谈你周围的同学对此现象的看法，并发表自己的看法和理由。（150字左右）

注意: 1. 对所给要点要逐一陈述,适当发挥, 不要简单翻译。

2. 字数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。

3. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。

Recently our school has had a survey on reading literature. It shows