Communication Principles
      How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate. "Every individual exists in a
continually changing world of experience of which he( or she) is the center". Many communication scholars
and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send
them. But every day we experience the centrality of ourselves in communication. A student, for instance, may
describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment:"I know my teacher doesn't like the fact that I don't agree with his opinions and that's why he gave me such a poor grade in that class."The teacher might say the opposite. Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person's view is wrong.
     The concept of Self originates in communication. Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to
accept roles in response to the expectations of others. You establish self-image, the sort of person you believe
you are, by how others think of you. Positive, negative,and neutral messages that you receive from others all
play a role in determining who you are. Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process. Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people. In a more obvious way,
communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person
needs and expects when selecting messages to share. So, the communication begins with the self, as defined
largely by others, and involves others,as defined largely by the self.
     Communication occurs almost every minute of your life. If you are not communicating with yourself
( thinking, planning, reacting to the world around you), you are observing others and drawing inferences from
their behavior. Even if the other person did not intend a message for you, you gather observations and draw
specific conclusions. A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message. A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you. A third person smiles ( perhaps
because of a memory of a joke he heard recently) and you believe that he is attracted to you. We are continually picking up meanings from others' behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.
     More often than not, you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you
did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement. You may have
made a joke out of your rude statement. Nonetheless, your comment remains both in the mind of the other
person and in your own mind. You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others. Communication
cannot be reversed(倒退), nor can it be repeated. When you tried to re-create the atmosphere, the conversation, and the setting, nothing seemed right. Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far
different results.

( Jim is talking with his father about their family trip.)
Jim: Dad, look at this brochure of the travel service. It looks g   1    .
Father: Let me see.
Jim: Look at this, here. A four-day trip to the lake area, five-star hotel, three meals per day, 50 pounds
       o   2   !
Father: Sounds attractive.
Jim: Yes. Why not s   3   our family trip there? You p   4   a family trip this summer, Dad.
Father: Sure, I did. Do you really want to go to the lake area? How about Mary and your mother? Did you
           ask about their ideas?
Jim: Not y   5    . But I'm sure they'll like my idea.
Father: I don't think so. I don't think your mother likes the wet air there. She always likes sunshine on the
           b   6   ,you know.
Jim:  Maybe you're r  7   So we might try a seashore resort. Mary and I can e    8   swimming, too.
Father: Yeah...Anything about seashore in the brochure?
Jim:  Let me see...Yes! Here it is. A 5-day trip to Brighton, five-star hotel, three meals per day, but I'm
       afraid it's a little bit e  9   , Dad.
Father: How much?
Jim: $ 90 for one person.
Father: Oh, nearly doubles.
Jim:Yes.
Father: Anyway, since we all like seashore, let's go to Brighton, but we must have a detailed p   10    .

      Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people's daily life.   1   these proverbs
there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb,"plucking up a crop   2   ( help) it grow", is based
on the following story.
     It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960-1279) was very anxious to help   3   rice
crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about   4   day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than
he expected.
     One day, he came up with an idea   5   he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next
day.
     He was very tired  6   doing this for a whole day,   7   he felt very happy since the crop did "grow"   8   
(high).
     His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately, the leaves of the crop began to wither.
     This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their  9 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an
event develop often   10   (result) in the contrary to our intention.

1. They invited us to visit their company, which____(他 们太友善了).( kind)
2. — It's great that Jane is coming to attend our English evening. 
    — I never doubted _____(她会来). (come)
3. — Dorothy is seldom late for her class. Why is she absent today? 
    — Something____(一定发生了)her.( happen)
4. That is a very good suggestion. It is worth____(考 虑).( think)
5. Look at the beautiful big house over there, _____ (它属 于)an old woman.( belong)
6. The problem is____(我们能找到谁)to replace her. ( get)
7. I don't like them and _____(我姐姐也不喜欢).  ( nor)
8. My grandmother was born in 1943,____(当时中日正 交战). ( when, at)
9. He is the only one of the teachers____(懂法语)in our school.( know)
10. The way____(那位科学家解决)the problem was different from those the other scientists used
      to employ. ( solve)

1. — Was Mr Smith alone at home last night? 
    — Yes. His children as well as his wife ______(受邀请) to the party. (invite)
2. When I was at school, I ______ (起床) very early, reading short articles in English Weekly. ( used)
3. Helena's father was so nervous that he looked out of the window almost ______ (每隔_个小时). ( every)
4. As we all know, the 2012 Olympic Games ______ (举 行) in London, which is an ancient city. ( hold)
5. Usually, my digital camera _____(需要充电) after taking 200 photos. ( charge)
6. Look at the notice. You are not allowed_____ (进入) the gymnasium without permission. ( enter)
7. If you break the rules, you _____ (罚款). ( fine)
8. — What are we visiting next Monday?
    — A modern city that has appeared in______(是个村 庄)ten years ago.( what)
9.The music society_______(他参加的)was only loosely Organized.( join)
10. The box has been moved. Someone_______(一定来过这 里)last night.( be)

1. Up to now, the cost of the vacation____ (没有计算出 来)yet.( calculate)
2. In general, plants can't grow well_____ (在没有…… 的地方)plenty of sunshine.( there)
3. — You look so worried. What's the matter?
    — I don't know____ (我如何能解决)these boring problems.( solve)
4. — We want to sit at the table near the door.
    — I'm sorry, but it____(被预订了)already.( take)
5. I am advised not to leave my company until I____ (找 到)another job.( find)
6. The father as well as his two sons____(喜欢)playing online games at the time, so they bought
     a computer.( fond)
7. She never gets along well with people around her as a result of____(溺爱)by her parents.( spoil)
8 .____(在……帮助下)the Internet, we can finally understand the meaning of these phrases.( help)
9. So fast does light travel that____(我们难以)to imagine its speed.( difficult)
10. The ancient city,____(曾是……的首都)of three dynasties, was destroyed by a big fire later.( capital)

1. — What's that noise?
    — Oh, I forgot to tell you. Your bike_____(正在修 理).( repair)
2. You needn't have taken a taxi. Why didn't you catch the last bus _____ (按照我告诉你的)?(tell)
3. Little Jane looked pale and her parents were advised that much attention_____(注意)her health.( pay)
4. As Daisy works hard, she _____ (总是受到表扬)by her boss.(praise)
5. I do appreciate_____(给予了)the opportunity to study abroad.( give)
6. The applicant went into the manager's office five minutes ago. She_____(一定正在面试)at this
     very moment. ( interview)
7. They got several chances in the last few minutes but they didn't _____ (得分).(succeed)
8. I wonder_____(正在做些什么)now to help you. ( do)
9. People____(欢呼起来)after the famous doctor completed a 20-hour operation and saved
    the baby's life. ( burst)
10. The small country was____ (遭受攻击的危险)by her powerful neighbor.( danger)

Kate: Excuse me, Jack, I want to speak good English. Can you give me some a    1  ?
Jack: Of course. Kate, I'd be h   2   to help you. There are lots of things you can do to i   3   your English.
Kate: Like what?
Jack: Well, you need to p   4   as much as possible by listening to English programmes on the radio and TV.
Kate: What k   5   of programmes?
Jack: News programmes, teaching programmes and some good films. And novels or books in English are
        well worth r   6   .
Kate: Ah, there are lots of ways I can try!
Jack: It's also important for you to get a good learner's dictionary. I'll send you some i   7   about choosing 
        and u   8   a good dictionary. Can you give me your e-mail address?
Kate: Yes, here it is...I am sure my English will get much better w   9   all your help, thank you, Jack!
Jack: You're welcome, Kate. Good l   10   .

1. — Has Mr Black decided not to take part in the party? 
    — Yes. The reason____(为此他拒绝)the invitation is not clear. (refuse)
2. Turn on the TV, please. The speech of the president____ (正在播放)live now.( broadcast)
3. If _____  (出现任何问题),you can call our emergency hotline free of charge.( go)
4. The old couple  _____ (结婚)for 40 years and never once they have quarreled with each other.( marry)
5. The West Lake,____(杭州因它而闻名),is a beautiful place.( famous)
6. Finally, I bought the new book,____(我为它花费了) twenty yuan, in the bookstore where a 
    friend of mine is the boss.( spend)
7. In this hospital, Mr Wu____(是一位好医生)that everybody loves and respects him.( so)
8. Her bag,___(她把所有的书都放了进去),has not been found.( put)
9. During his stay abroad he made some foreign friends, _____ (其中两个)are now visiting professors in
    Peking University.( two)
10: _____ (检查了)the bones under the sand, the experts concluded that they came from the dinosaurs
     about 65 million years ago.( inspect)

1. Our new country was founded in 1949,and the last 60 years _____ (见证了)the great changes
    in our country. ( see)
2. — I'm afraid that I have no time to go there.
    — That is such an important area____(以至于你应 当参观).( visit)
3. I saw Tom and his parents shopping five minutes ago, so he _____ (不可能正在复习)his lessons
   in the classroom now.( go)
4. — We really____(感谢)when Jenny offered to help.
    — She is always ready to help others.( appreciate)
5. Was it in 1969 that the American astronaut____(成 功登陆)the moon?( succeed)
6. The salesgirl showed me a silk dress____(它的颜色) I think might run in the wash.( color)
7. Great changes have taken place in this city. It is no longer _____ (它20年前的样子).( what)
8. He played the piano____(和他妈妈一样好).(as well)
9. The film Hero____(这周六上映).Shall we go and see it?( show)
10. With a lot of work____(要完成),I spared no time to attend his birthday party.( get)