The Production Department can be a fun place to work in a TV station. It can also be quite stressful if the station broadcasts a significant amount of live programming. There can be a number of interesting positions in this department. Here is a list of the core ones:
The Production Manager heads the department, and is the person to contact if you are interested in working in this area. He or she oversees all activities in the studios, hires and fires workers, meets with customers who want to produce an advertisement, and monitors expense budgets for the department. The person in this position may also sometimes act as a Director, Producer, Camera Operator, or any other role in which they are proficient.
Directors lead the crew during a production session. Over a headset, the Director tells Camera Operators what shots to get and the Technical Director (TD) what audio and video to put on the air. Directors work closely with the Producer of each program, ensuring that the final product meets with the Producer’s demands.
A Technical Director is a master at “punching” up the correct video source. In other words, if the Director calls for camera one, the Technical Director puts camera one on the air. The TD sits in front of a massive board called a “swicher” during production sessions, which allows him or her to literally switch between video sources. Since this can be a high-pressure, fast-moving job, the best Technical Directors are people who can stay even-tempered and in control.
The Stage Manager is responsible for everything that goes on in the television studio. This person makes sure all of the equipment is in good working order, oversees the building and placement of all staging, and may even set the lighting for all productions. Really efficient Stage Managers take pride in their studios, and it would not be unusual to see this person sweeping the floor or cleaning the sets between productions. This is a leadership position, which often leads to promotion to the position of Production Manager

  1. 1.

    According to the writer, working in the Production Department _______

    1. A.
      is an interesting experience
    2. B.
      is always very stressful
    3. C.
      needs much professional knowledge
    4. D.
      is the best choice to work in a TV station
  2. 2.

    The Production Manager ______

    1. A.
      seldom takes part in producing programs
    2. B.
      is also called “Producer”
    3. C.
      usually trains new workers in person
    4. D.
      is responsible to deal with advertisers
  3. 3.

    The Technical Director _______

    1. A.
      decides what shots to get
    2. B.
      works closely with the Producer
    3. C.
      meets the demands of Camera Operators
    4. D.
      carries out the orders by the Director

Technology has totally transformed our ability to communicate with each other. Linking to each other both literally and figuratively, many of us connect through cell phones, email, instant messaging, blogs, and networking web sites, yet we may be less connected to each other than we think.
According to a study, Americans are becoming increasingly socially isolated(孤立的). The study suggests, for example, that one quarter of Americans say that they have no one to discuss important personal issues with, and that the number of close friends that Americans have has dropped from three to two. Meanwhile, the Boston Globe reports that this spreading isolation is experienced more sharply among those with less education, people of color, and older Americans. Unsurprisingly, those who are young, white, and well educated tend to have stronger social networks.
From my own experience I have to say that I’ve never felt more connected, thanks to a web of friends, family, and colleagues. One of my closest friends is someone I met through an online discussion group who lives hundreds of miles away from me. We have met face-to-face only twice, yet our regular electronic correspondence and cell phone calls maintain our close friendship. And, speaking of blogging, my blog has introduced me to people I would never have met otherwise and has led to enduring and important friendships.
On the other hand, I recently saw a scene unfold that proved to me how deeply disconnected we as Americans have become. I had just wrapped up a presentation on mediation at a family therapy (治疗) center.
As I was leaving, I noticed a mother and her teenage son who had just completed their session with their family therapist. After making their next appointment, they both took out their cell phones, placed calls, and began loud conversations with whoever was on the other end. I walked out behind them to the parking lot to my car. They both jumped into their cars, and, as I saw them drive off, they were still talking on their cell phones but not to each other

  1. 1.

    What does the passage lead you to believe?

    1. A.
      Americans are more socially isolated today
    2. B.
      Americans are more socially connected today
    3. C.
      Americans don’t make good use of technology
    4. D.
      Technology plays a bigger role in American society
  2. 2.

    Which of the following has nothing to do with the isolation among Americans?

    1. A.
      Sex
    2. B.
      Education
    3. C.
      Skin color
    4. D.
      Age
  3. 3.

    What is true about the mother and son in the passage?

    1. A.
      They came for therapy in the same car
    2. B.
      They were quite close to each other
    3. C.
      There was not much communication between them
    4. D.
      They preferred talking to each other on cell phones
  4. 4.

    What can we learn from the passage?

    1. A.
      The writer is totally against the modern technology
    2. B.
      The mother and the son have finished their family therapist and get a better relationship
    3. C.
      As far as the writer is concerned, he has benefited a lot from the modern technology
    4. D.
      Those black and well-educated people have stronger social network than aged white people

When did you last see a polar bear(北极熊)? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃,and the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don't agree about the medical effects of cold-winter swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system(循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, "When I go into water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away."

  1. 1.

    The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements except that______.

    1. A.
      they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold months
    2. B.
      they must reach the age of 60
    3. C.
      they should be easy to make friends with
    4. D.
      they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February
  2. 2.

    According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that______.

    1. A.
      polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water
    2. B.
      cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
    3. C.
      you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
    4. D.
      cold-water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winter
  3. 3.

    The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for______.

    1. A.
      it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
    2. B.
      they can remain young
    3. C.
      they find it enjoyable and interesting
    4. D.
      they might meet fewer troubles in life
  4. 4.

    The passage is mainly about______.

    1. A.
      the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
    2. B.
      a group of cold-water-swimming lovers
    3. C.
      the Polar Bears' life in New York
    4. D.
      doctors' ideas about cold-water swimming

White was the owner of a private school in a town. Last year, he married one of his classmates.The beautiful woman spent much time in learning nothing during middle school.  

But she wasn't worried about anything in the future, because her parents were very rich and could provide her with everything.So he could make poor Mr White listen to her. Mr White was busy in dealing with school affairs and his wife had to stay at home alone.But she hated the lonely and boring life.Her father introduced her to some businessmen who wanted to employ her .But she wanted to stay with children.So her husband was asked to allow her to work in his school.At first her husband didn't agree with her. She didn't supply money to him any more, so the poor man had to give in.Otherwise , his school would shut down for lack of her money. The woman could not teach students, because she knew neither maths nor physics.She thought she often played in the zoo,so she decided to teach biology.But she didn't know how to teach the subject at all.She thought hard, and finally she decided to bring the students to the zoo.
Pointing to a crocodile, she shouted ,”Look at it carefully! It’s a whale!”
“Excuse me ,madam,” said a student.   “It’s a crocodile!”
“Shut up!” Mr White said angrily.   “It’s a whale!”

  1. 1.

    Why did Mr White have to employ Mrs White as a teacher ?

    1. A.
      Because his school would shut down without her money
    2. B.
      Because Mrs White learned many things during school time
    3. C.
      Because no businessman wanted to employ Mrs White
    4. D.
      Because Mrs White knew something about biology
  2. 2.

    Which of the following is not true about Mrs White?

    1. A.
      She was the daughter of a rich man
    2. B.
      She often went to the zoo to study animals
    3. C.
      She knew nothing about the subject of biology
    4. D.
      She was one of Mrs White’s classmates
  3. 3.

    What happened when Mrs White brought her students to the zoo?

    1. A.
      The students didn't know whales and crocodiles
    2. B.
      Mrs White taught the right animals to her students
    3. C.
      A whale came up to the bank to have a breath
    4. D.
      Mrs White mistook a crocodile for a whale
  4. 4.

    Why didn't Mr White agree to accept his wife as a teacher?

    1. A.
      Because he wanted to change his fate of listening to his wife
    2. B.
      Because he knew his wife could not be a good teacher
    3. C.
      Because his wife liked being at home
    4. D.
      Because his wife only knew something about maths and physics

Change Has Come to America
November, 04, 2008, Barack Obama
Hello, Chicago.
If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.
It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen.
A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen. McCain. Sen. McCain fought long and hard in this campaign. And he's fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine. We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader.
I congratulate him; I congratulate Gov. Palin for all that they've achieved. And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation's promise in the months ahead.
I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.
And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation's next first lady Michelle Obama.
Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy that's coming with us to the new White House.
To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that you've given me. I am grateful to them.
And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best -- the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America.
To my chief strategist David Axelrod who's been a partner with me every step of the way.
To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you've sacrificed to get it done.
But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs to you

  1. 1.

    Why did Sen. McCain make a phone call to the writer?

    1. A.
      To inform the writer of something important
    2. B.
      To share his happiness with the writer
    3. C.
      To congratulate the writer on his success
    4. D.
      To give him some good ideas on making a successful speech
  2. 2.

    If Sen. McCain won the election, What would Palin do?

    1. A.
      She would be a governor
    2. B.
      She would be the vice president-elect of the United States
    3. C.
      She would be the nation's next first lady
    4. D.
      She would be the campaign manager of Sen. McCain’s
  3. 3.

    How many people did the writer thank in his speech?

    1. A.
      5
    2. B.
      6
    3. C.
      7
    4. D.
      8
  4. 4.

    What did the writer imply by saying “I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to?”

    1. A.
      He is a failure rather than a success
    2. B.
      He still doesn’t know who this victory truly belongs to
    3. C.
      He thinks highly of his supporters
    4. D.
      He considers his success as people’s victory

Just as the English language has changed quickly in the previous century, so has the use of it.
After the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1927, the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English. Now, most people still consider that the pronunciation and delivery of BBC announcers is the clearest and most understandable spoken English.
English has had a strong relationship with classes and social positions. However, since the Second World War there has been a clear change of attitude towards speech snobbery(自我优越感), and marks of class distinction(区别) such as styles of speech have been gradually diminishing, especially in the younger generation.
By the end of the 1960s, it had become clear that it was not necessary to speak standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the special right of a special class but rather a defiant(反抗的) expression of classlessness.
The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American English. Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.
In the 1970s, fashion favored careless pronunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and “in” words, a great quantity of which couldn’t be understood by the outside world. What is considered modern and fashionable in Britain today is often not the kind of English taught in schools and colleges

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is NOT true?

    1. A.
      The use of the English language has not changed much in the previous century
    2. B.
      BBC announcers speak standard English
    3. C.
      English has no relationship with classes and social positions now
    4. D.
      Young people don’t like class distinction
  2. 2.

    What does the author imply by saying “there has been a clear change of attitude towards speech snobbery”?

    1. A.
      Everyone speaks English as the BBC announcers do
    2. B.
      There has been a great change of attitudes towards the status of English
    3. C.
      Most people don’t believe the way of speaking by BBC announcers is much better than that of other people
    4. D.
      It is necessary to speak standard English with correct grammar
  3. 3.

    According to the author, there was a trend in the US for young people ________

    1. A.
      to speak standard English
    2. B.
      to speak English with grammatical mistakes
    3. C.
      to speak old English
    4. D.
      to speak English without class distinction
  4. 4.

    It can be concluded from the passage that________

    1. A.
      standard English is taught only in schools and colleges
    2. B.
      there has been a great change in the English language in the previous century
    3. C.
      the English language has not been influenced by the American English in the last 25 years
    4. D.
      young people are defiant because they refuse to speak standard English

Separate lives, similar dreams
As we know, some children live in the countryside, and some live in the city. Their lives are a little different, but they also have many of the same dreams.

 In the countrysideIn the city
Travel to schoolOn footBy bus or car
Classroom   facilities（设施）Recorders and   radios.Multimedia   classrooms, VCD, DVD, TVs, recorders, radios, loud-speakers.
Ways of learningClasses only,   without many reference books.Many extra classes,   tutor, lots of reference books.
EyesightLess than 45% are   near-sighted.About 75% are   near-sighted.
After-class   activitiesPlaying with balls.English corners and   other school clubs.
HomeworkHomework can   usually be finished at school.Homework never   ends.
Chores to doWashing, cleaning,   farming, looking after younger sisters or brothers, cooking.Usually no chores.
Family membersBig families with   three generations.Small families with   three members.
Ideal jobsTeachers, drivers,   scientists, nurses, secretaries.Scientists,   professors, doctors, computer programmers, managers, university presidents,   the UN chief.

  1. 1.

    The survey was done among the ______ between in the countryside and the city

    1. A.
      teachers
    2. B.
      students
    3. C.
      parents
    4. D.
      adults
  2. 2.

    About ______ of children in the countryside have good eyesight, but only ______ of children in the city have good eyesight

    1. A.
      45%,75%
    2. B.
      55%,75%
    3. C.
      55%,25%
    4. D.
      45%,25%
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is not included in the survey?

    1. A.
      Ideal jobs
    2. B.
      After-class activities
    3. C.
      Ways of learning
    4. D.
      Results of tests
  4. 4.

    A classroom in the countryside often has ______ according to the survey

    1. A.
      records
    2. B.
      DVD
    3. C.
      TVs
    4. D.
      loud-speakers
  5. 5.

    Which of the following is WRONG according to the survey?

    1. A.
      Children in the countryside often go to school on foot
    2. B.
      Children in the city often have too much homework to do
    3. C.
      Children in the countryside often have lots of chores to do
    4. D.
      Children in the city are difficult to find ideal jobs

Around the World in Eighty Days is a classic Adventure novel by Jules Verne. The story starts in London in 1872. One day in the Reform Club, Phileas Fogg, a wealthy gentleman, accepts a wager(赌注) for ?20,000, which he will receive if he travels around the world in 80 days.
Phileas Fogg sets off immediately, with his servant Passepartout. They reach Suez(苏伊士) quickly. While landing in Egypt, he is watched by a British detective named Fix, who is in search of a bank robber. Because Fix mistakes Fogg for the criminal, he follows secretly, as they are getting on a ship to Bombay.
After more than 20-days of travelling, they arrive in San Francisco, and then get on the train to New York. During that trip, the train is attacked by Indians, who take Passepartout away. With some soldiers’ help, Fogg succeeds in freeing his companion. To make up for the lost time, Fogg and his companion hasten on to New York, and catch the steamer for the crossing of the Atlantics. They arrive in Ireland in time to reach London before the deadline. However, once on British soil again, Fix arrests Fogg. Although the misunderstanding is quickly cleared up—the actual bank robber had been caught several days earlier. Fogg has missed the train and returns to London five minutes late, sure that he has lost the wager.
However, the next day Fogg learns from the priest that he is mistaken in the date, which he thinks Sunday but which actually is Saturday, due to the fact that they gained a full day on their journey around the globe, by crossing the International Date Line. Fogg immediately sets off for the Reform Club, where he arrives just in time to win the wager

  1. 1.

    The reason that Fix wants to arrest Phileas Fogg is that                  

    1. A.
      Phileas Fogg is the bank robber whom Fix is trying to catch
    2. B.
      Phileas Fogg doesn’t have a passport for his travels
    3. C.
      Fix mistakenly takes Phileas Fogg for the bank robber
    4. D.
      Fix intends to prevent Fogg from winning the wager
  2. 2.

    During his time in America, Phileas Fogg spends a lot of “unexpected” time             

    1. A.
      travelling across the continent of America
    2. B.
      rescuing his companion from the Indians
    3. C.
      waiting for the ship back to London
    4. D.
      getting rid of the pursuing of Fix
  3. 3.

    Does Phileas Fogg win the wager at last? Why?

    1. A.
      No. Because he doesn’t get to the Reform Club before the deadline
    2. B.
      Yes. Because he is not the bank robber； it’s a misunderstanding
    3. C.
      No. Because he wastes too much time during his trip
    4. D.
      Yes. Because he arrives at the Reform Club before the deadline

Research suggests that a newly-identified gene known as insomniacs(失眠症患者) may play a role in keeping us asleep. By cloning and testing this gene in about 21,000 fruit flies, Rockefeller University researchers say they have discovered an entirely new mechanism (机制) by which sleep is controlled.
By studying these flies, the researchers discovered that mutations(变异) in the insomniac gene were associated with a great reduction in sleep. While a typical fruit fly slept for an average of 927 minutes a day, the mutant flies slept for just 317. They also slept for shorter periods of time, and slept and woke more frequently.
“The results showed a great loss of both the time that the flies’ sleep lasted and their ability to remain asleep after they slept,” says researcher Nicholas Stavropoulos.
The researchers also examined the link between sleep and lifespan, finding that flies with mutations to the insomniac gene lived only about two-thirds as long as unchanged flies. But when the scientists removed insomniac only in neurons（神经细胞）---allowing it to remain in the rest of the flies’ bodies---this difference disappeared; the resulting animals slept poorly but lived just as long.
“This suggests that reduced sleep can be ‘uncoupled’(分开) from reduced lifespan, supporting the idea that some interruptions of sleep do not affect overall health, at least as far as lifespan is concerned,” Stavropoulos says.
Although flies and humans would appear to have little in common when it comes to lifestyle, scientists say that the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness are likely to be quite similar.
“Sleep is a fundamental behavior in all animals, and it is poorly understood from a scientific standpoint, says Stavropoulos. This work could prove useful in understanding and treating sleep disorders”

  1. 1.

    The text is mainly about____

    1. A.
      the progress in cloning fruit flies
    2. B.
      the methods of cloning fruit flies
    3. C.
      the link between gene and lifespan
    4. D.
      the influence of a gene on the ability to sleep
  2. 2.

    According to paragraph2, the mutant flies________

    1. A.
      slept about 5 hours a day
    2. B.
      had problems waking up
    3. C.
      didn’t seem sleepy at all
    4. D.
      could not fall asleep
  3. 3.

    We can conclude from the text that________

    1. A.
      sleep and health go hand in hand
    2. B.
      sleep can be controlled by humans
    3. C.
      research into sleep is very fruitful
    4. D.
      the findings are useful in medical treatment

Good afternoon, and welcome to England. We hope that your visit here will be a pleasant one. Today, I would like to draw your attention to a few of our laws.
The first one is about drinking. Now, you may not buy alcohol in this country if you are under 18 years of age, nor may your friends buy it for you.
Secondly, noise. Enjoy yourselves by all means, but please don’t make unnecessary noise, particularly at night . We ask you to respect other people who may wish to be quiet.
Thirdly,crossing the road. Be careful. The traffic moves on the left side of the road in this country. Use pedestrian crossings and do not take any chances when crossing the road.  
My point is about litter. It is an offence to drop litter in the street. When you have something to throw away, please put it in your pocket and take it home, or put it in a litter bin.
Finally, as regards smoking , it is against the law to buy cigarettes or tobacco if you are under 16 years of age.
I’d like to finish by saying that if you require any sort of help or assistance, you should contact your police station, who will be pleased to help you.
Now, are there any questions?

  1. 1.

    The underlined word “contact ” in the seventh paragraph means _______

    1. A.
      get along with
    2. B.
      get in touch with
    3. C.
      join
    4. D.
      report
  2. 2.

    How many laws are there discussed in the speech ?

    1. A.
      Three
    2. B.
      Four
    3. C.
      Five
    4. D.
      Six
  3. 3.

    The main purpose of this speech would be to __________

    1. A.
      prepare people for internation travel
    2. B.
      declare (宣布) the laws of different kinds
    3. C.
      give advice to travelers to the country
    4. D.
      inform (告知) people of the punishment for breakig laws
  4. 4.

    You are not allowed to ______ when you have something to throw away

    1. A.
      drop it in the street
    2. B.
      put it in your pocket
    3. C.
      take it home
    4. D.
      put it in dustbin
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