Question

【题目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts 【1】 our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants 【2】(make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun 【3】 (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere, they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuit or the walls of their spacecraft,【4】 they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

Radiation is 【5】(great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more than 0.1 rem without 【6】(damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is 【7】 it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered 【8】 the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated (积累) a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply don't know yet 【9】 men are going to get on when they spent weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage 【10】(do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】as

【2】to make

【3】are screened

【4】if

【5】the greatest

【6】being damaged

【7】that

【8】until

【9】how

【10】done

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。太空是一个很危险的地方，不仅仅是因为有流星，更因为来自于太阳和其它星星的辐射。这些辐射对身体造成的伤害不容易发现，甚至要到生育几代人后才能发现。宇航服及宇航船也不能为宇航员挡住所有的辐射。

【1】考查介词。句意：在地球上，大气层起到保护伞的作用。“充当、起……作用”可翻译为act as，故填as。

【2】考查不定式。句意：光透过来，这对于植物生产我们所吃的食物是必需的。“对某人来说是必要的”应翻译为be essential for sb. to do sth.，故填to make。

【3】考查一般现在时的被动语态与主谓一致。句意：各种各样的光线从外太空穿过空气，但是大量的太阳辐射被屏蔽掉了。“screen off”意为“关闭，屏蔽”，分析句子成分可知，but后这个分句缺少谓语动词，并且主语radiation与screen off之间是被动关系，所以用这句话应用被动语态。由于主语radiation被量词quantities of所修饰，表达复数意义，所以谓语动词用复数形式。根据全文的时态可知，这篇文章使用的是一般现在时。故填are screened。

【4】考查状语从句的连词。句意：人们一离开大气层，他们就暴露在各种辐射中，但是他们的宇航服和飞船的舱体，如果他们在里边，的确可以为他们减少很多辐射伤害。根据句意，如果人们在飞船内部，飞船的舱体才能为他们减少辐射伤害。这是一个条件状语从句，“如果”可翻译为if，故填if。

【5】考查形容词最高级。句意：辐射是太空中探险者已知的最大的危险。known是一个过去分词，修饰danger，表示已知的危险。空格处单词修饰这个名词短语，所以用形容词。句中有表范围的“在太空中”，所以空格处填形容词最高级。故填the greatest。

【6】考查动名词的被动语态。句意：科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远超过0. 1雷姆的辐射而不受伤害。这是一个宾语从句，与damage相关的逻辑主语是a man，a man与damage之间是被动关系，所以空格处使用被动形式。又由于空格位于介词后，所以空格处使用动名词。所以空格处填动名词的被动形式。故填being damaged。

【7】考查表语从句。句意：麻烦的是确定辐射伤害是非常困难的。位于系动词后这是一个表语从句，从句部分it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage是一个完整的句子，不缺句子成分，所以使用连接词that。故填that。

【8】考查固定句型。句意：一个人可能感觉很好，但是她/他的细胞或者性器官已经被损伤，这要到畸形的孩子或者甚至是孙子出生才能被发现。空格前有not，“not…until”可翻译为“在……之前，直到……才”，符合句意。故填until。

【9】考查宾语从句。句意：我们还不知道当人们在太空实验室里工作时，需要在大气层外度过几周或几个月，会怎么样。根据句意，“get on”在这里意为“融洽相处、生活”，根据句意，我们还不知道人们在太空度过几周或几个月后会怎么样，所以使用连接词how。

【10】考查过去分词。句意：药物可能会帮助减少辐射伤害，但是目前还没有找到真的有效的药物。but前小分句中谓语动词为might help，所以空格处填非谓语动词。the damage与do之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填done。