题目内容
Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time. Without treatment, a bad cut can lead to permanent damage. But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention?
Here are some tips from Dr. Martin Brown, chairman of the department of emergency at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia.
1. Laceration (裂口)
The medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration. 【小题1】 A long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep. However, if you have a short but deep laceration, you will need professional attention.
2. Fingertips cut off
Some injuries, like a fingertip that gets cut off, might even need surgery to repair. 【小题2】 More often, cutting down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful.
3. Bleeding
【小题3】 Small cuts usually produce what is known as venous (静脉的) bleeding. This means the blood flows steadily from the injury. The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound. In most cases holding direct pressure with a clean cloth for four to five minutes would do. But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force, this may be a sign of arterial (动脉的) bleeding. 【小题4】
Finally, always keep this in mind: even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection. Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water. 【小题5】 Then cover it with a clean, dry bandage.
| A．How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is. |
| B．That requires a specialist to either cut down the bone or reattach the fingertip. |
| C．This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible. |
| D．The first signs of this disease include difficulty opening the mouth. |
F. With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood.
G. The length is usually not as important as the depth.
【小题1】G
【小题2】B
【小题3】A
【小题4】C
【小题5】E
解析试题分析：本文主要讲述的是什么时候的手指切伤是严重的。
【小题1】从后面的句子：A long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep．可知长度没有深度重要。选G
【小题2】从后面的句子：More often, cutting down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful．可知要么截下骨头，要么接上指尖。选B
【小题3】从后面的句子：Small cuts usually produce what is known as venous （静脉的） bleeding．可知可以从流血程度看出伤口的严重程度。选A
【小题4】从前面的句子：But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force, this may be a sign of arterial （动脉的） bleeding．可知动脉流血要尽快找医生解决选C
【小题5】从前面的句子：Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water可知是讲清洗伤口。选 E
考点：考查信息匹配
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.
______【小题1】_______ Try the following steps:
Calm yourself. ______【小题2】_______ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.
Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. ______【小题3】_______ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
_____【小题4】_______ If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. _____【小题5】______ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.
| A．Why should you forgive? |
| B．How should you start to forgive? |
| C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. |
| D．Try to see things from your offender’s angle. |
F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.
G. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.
Sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. 【小题1】
Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. 【小题2】 Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal.
【小题3】 .They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in the ocean do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased greatly because many parts of a shark are valuable. 【小题4】 . Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins.
Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. 【小题5】 If too many sharks in one area are killed, the group of shark may never return to normal population levels
| A．The others give birth to live young. |
| B．Sharks are important for the health of the world's oceans. |
| C．This is a threat to other form of life in the ocean. |
| D．Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark. |
F. But some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth.
G. Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean
Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal – or at least many parts of it have. 【小题1】. Ideas about social class – whether a person is “working - class” or “middle - class” – are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.
In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.
The old style of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is - inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a most important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. 【小题2】. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity （or the education and training） to make such long-term plans.
【小题3】In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much as their middle – class supervisors (管理者). Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow". Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority(自卑感). In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.
【小题4】.They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in precious generations.【小题5】. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.
| A．Nowadays, a great deal has changed |
| B．Both of these provided him and his family with security |
| C．As a result, differences in life – styles and attitudes came into existence |
| D．However, we still have a wide gap between the well – paid and the low - paid |
F．In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned
G．The changes in both life – styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people
【小题1】Painkillers in a tablet can make your headache go away. Antibiotic cream（抗生膏）from a tube can prevent your cuts from becoming infected. But can medicine come packaged in chicken eggs?
A team of scientists from Scotland says yes. They've engineered special chickens that lay eggs with disease -treating drugs inside.
【小题2】Animals make thousands of proteins—they’re the main ingredient in skin, hair, milk, and meat. Since animals can make proteins easily, they’re good candidates for making protein drugs.
Researchers have already made cows, sheep, and goats that pump out protein drugs in their milk. But chickens are not expensive to take care of; what’s more, they need less room, and grow faster than these other animals. “【小题3】”says Simon Lillico of the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh, Scotland.
Lillico and a team of researchers changed chickens’ DNA—the code that tells cells how to make proteins so that the birds’ cells made two protein drugs. 【小题4】
The scientists altered the chickens’ DNA so that the birds made these drugs only in their egg whites (蛋清). This protects the chickens’ bodies from the drugs’ possible harmful effects and makes it easy for scientists to collect the drugs.
These special chickens can pass on their drug-laying abilities to their chicks. 【小题5】The scientists need to improve these chickens before they roost (栖息) in drug companies’ labs. The birds don’t make enough drugs to treat people yet. But once the researchers perfect their technique, you might eventually take your medicine sunny-side up.
| A．Medicine comes in lots of different uses. |
| B．Those qualities could make chickens a better choice to become living drug factories. |
| C．So far, the Scottish researchers have bred five generations of drug—producing birds. |
| D．Some chickens are found having the ability of treating diseases. |
F. These drugs are made of molecules called proteins.
G. Medicine comes in lots of different packages.