题目内容

Printed on the papers are a few words, complaints, ________, are to be addressed to the management.

A. if so　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   B. if any

C. if possible　　　　　　       　　D. if special

 

答案：B
解析：

句意为“纸上写着一些字，说如果有什么不满和抱怨，请向管理部门表达”。if any作插入语，意思为“如果有的话”。

 


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　　Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”－physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used－that a culture produces．Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life．Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture．The most vivid body of “things”in it, of course, are musical instruments．We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we depend on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote(faraway in time)past and their development．

　　Here we have two kinds of evidence：instruments well-kept and instruments pictured in art．Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern effect to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra．

　　Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture．Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows each other’s influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America．Printed versions limit variety because they are likely to standardize any song, yet they encourage and force people to make new and different songs．Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole．

　　One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out：the effect of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and video cassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments．This is all part of the “information revolution”, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth．These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the world．

(1)

Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________．

[　　]

A．

it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B．

it can express the development of the nation

C．

it helps understand the nation’s past and present

D．

it can present the nation’s civilization(文明)

(2)

It can be learned from this passage that ________．

[　　]

A．

the existence of the symphony was regarded as a thing caused by the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music

B．

Near Eastern music had an effect on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra

C．

the development of the symphony shows the effect of Eastern and Western music between each other

D．

the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra was developed on the basis of Near Eastern music

(3)

According to the author, music notation(乐谱)is important because ________．

[　　]

A．

it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it

B．

it is likely to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians

C．

it is the printed version of standardized folk music

D．

it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs

(4)

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．

Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers．

B．

Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded．

C．

Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets．

D．

The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material world．

COUPONS

Supermarkets and large drugstores often run ads in newspapers.

Many supermarkets also have product coupons printed in the newspaper.A coupon is a promise to take money off the price of a certain product.Coupons are often printed on small pieces of paper.

Coupons have product names on them.If you buy the product,you give the cashier your coupon along with everything you buy.The cashier will subtract the amount printed on the coupon from the full price of the product.

Coupons are small and have lots of information printed on them.You should read them carefully.

One thing you will find on the coupon is an expiration date.An expiration date is the date that tells when something can not be used any more.

You may also find conditions for using the coupon.Conditions tell you the rules of the coupon.They tell you how the coupon may be used.For example,a coupon may be good for only the smallest size of an item.

We can find all of the following on coupons EXCEPT _________.

A.product names                                              B.expiration dates

C.full prices of the products                              D.conditions for using them

According to the passage,a coupon holder can _________.

A.save some money                                          B.get products for free

C.pay less for everything                                   D.use them at any time

How much will you pay for two Yogurts and four Tastees with the coupons?

A.$8.00.                       B.$9.00.                       C.$13.00.                            D.$15.00.

Packaging is an important form of advertising．A package can sometimes motivate someone to buy a product．For example, a small child might ask for a breakfast food that comes in a box with a picture of a TV character．The child is more interested in the picture than in breakfast food．Pictures for children to color or cut out, games printed on a package, or a small gift inside a box also motivate many children to buy products or to ask their parents to buy for them．

       Some packages suggest that a buyer will get something for nothing．Food products sold in reusable containers are examples of this．Although a similar product in a plain container might cost less, people often prefer to buy the product in a reusable glass or dish, because they believe the container is free．However, the cost of the container is added to the cost of the product．The size of a package also motivates a buyer．Maybe the package had “Economy Size” or “Family Size” printed on it．This suggests that the larger size has the most product for the least money．But that is not always true．To find it out, a buyer has to know how the product is sold and the price of the basic unit．

       The information on the package should provide some answers．But the important thing for any buyer to remember is that a package is often an advertisement．The words and pictures do not tell the whole story．Only the product inside can do that．

From the passage we know the buyer pays more attention to __________．

       A．the size of a container

       B．a container with attractive picture

       C．a well-designed container

       D．a plain container with low cost

What suggestion does the author give in the passage?

       A．It’s not good to buy the product which is sold in a glass or dish．

       B．The quality of a container has nothing to do with the quality of the product．

       C．The best choice for a buyer is to buy a product in a plain package．

       D．A buyer should buy what he needs most rather than a well-designed package．

What is the best title for the passage?

       A．How to Package a Product．

       B．How to Make an Advertisement．

       C．How to Sell Product．

       D．How to Treat the Package Wisely．

Japanese people,who never miss a chance to be photographed,were lining up to get their pictures on a postage stamp．Vanity（虚荣）stamps with personal photographs went on sale for the first time in Japan as part of an international postage stamp exhibition．The customer’s photo was taken with a digital camera and then printed on stamp sheets,a process that takes about five minutes．Sold in a sheet of 10 stamps for $8．80,little more than the cost of lunch in Tokyo,each stamp printed a different scene from a traditional painting along with the photo．
The stamps can be used normally to mail a letter,and postal officials hope they will help encourage interest in letter writing in the Internet age．“Certainly e-mail is a useful method of communication,but letters are fun in a different way,”said Hatsumi Shimizu an official in the Post Ministry．“We want to show young people that letters can be fun too．”
While similar stamp sheets appeared in Australia in 1999 and are now sold in some nations and territories,Japan’s fondness for commemorative photos is likely to make them especially popular here．Indeed,officials had prepared 1 000 sheets but they were sold out in less than 30 minutes．Although the stamps are currently only available as a special service during the exhibition,postal officials said they may start selling them on a regular basis in the future．
【小题1】The best title of this passage might be______．

A．Never Miss a Chance to be PhotographedB．Your Own Face on a Postage Stamp
C．First Japanese Postage Stamps with a PhotoD．Letters are as Fun as E-mails
【小题2】By saying“little more than the cost of lunch in Tokyo”,the author really means______．
A．this service is not very expensiveB．the cost of this service is very high
C．food in Tokyo is very dearD．$8．80 is a very small amount of money
【小题3】The purpose of this activity is______．
A．to make the international postage stamp exhibition more interesting
B．to make more stamps for normal useC．to draw interest in writing letters
D．to satisfy Japan’s fondness of commemorative photos
【小题4】Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Japanese people like to take photos．B．This kind of stamps must be used to mail letters．
C．Japanese people can get this kind of stamps easily after the stamp exhibition．
D．This service is more popular in Japan than in other places．

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In 1867 the United States faced the task of rebuilding after the destruction of the Civil War, so it looked westward for the raw materials needed to fuel industrial growth. Geological surveys and mapping journeys were set forth to explore this        1 territory. These groups, in turn, hired mapmakers, scientists, cooks, drivers, and doctors. They also hired painters and photographers as part of the teams. Painters needed few supplies, making it relatively easy for them to travel in the wilderness, ____2____ photographers were not so lucky; they had to transport a fully stocked darkroom on the __3____.

Until the late 1870s, most photographers used the __4___ wet-collodion process. The first step was to wash a clean sheet of glass with a sticky mixture of collodion and chemicals, (collodion or "gun-cotton" was a recent medical discovery used to cover wounds because the viscous (粘性的) solution turned into a protective film when dry.) After it was washed, the plate went into another bath that the picture was __5___ getting darker; Finally, the glass negative (底片) was washed clean with fresh water. __6__ a photograph from the negative had to wait until the photographer went back to the studio. The ___7___ of the negative depended on the size of the camera. Some negatives could be as large as 20 by 24 inches.

Imagine the __8____ of taking photographs in the 1860s and 1870s in the remote western wilderness! Photographers went over Rocky Mountains and through rushing rivers. They were __9____ in the terrible desert heat, with cameras, sheets of glass, and vats of chemicals. Bad weather, equipment failures, and accidents were frequent problems. They persevered, but success in creating a negative did not ___10___ the production of a photograph; plates still had to be ___11___ transported back to the studio before the image could be printed on paper. A photographer could carry 120 pounds of many miles to         ____12____ a magnificent view only to have the easily broken plate        ___13___ in transportation.

__14___, once photographers were successful, the results were superb and much admired. Photographs were put on exhibition, and people bought albums filled with pictures by Timothy O'Sullivan, Carleton Watkins, and William Henry Jackson. Jackson's photographs of Yellowstone's

natural wonders, along with the paintings of fellow Thomas Moran, even helped ___15___ Congress to preserve thousands of acres of this land in 1872 as the nation's first national park.

 

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