Experiencing bad dreams every night can be horrifying for anybody. Bad dreams can disturb the sleep and make a person feel stressed throughout the next day. That’s why one should take steps to stop t 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Experiencing bad dreams every night can be horrifying for anybody. Bad dreams can disturb the sleep and make a person feel stressed throughout the next day. That’s why one should take steps to stop them as soon as they become an everyday occurrence.
Before knowing how to get rid of bad dreams, we need to understand what can result in them. Researches have shown that when a person is under some sort of physical or mental stress, he is more likely to get bad dreams and disturbed sleep. So, to stop bad dreams, it’s necessary to find out the causes of physical and mental stress in your life and remove these. For instance, if you’re overworked, learn to take things slow. Don’t be ambitious to the point that it starts affecting your health.
Besides, some trauma(损伤) that a person might have experienced recently or in the past which they’re unable to get over can make the person suffer from bad dreams. Death of a very close family member is often seen to be the reason behind recurrent nightmares. In such a case, taking therapy and dealing with the trauma is the only solution to stop bad dreams.
Eating fatty and high-protein foods in dinner is also known to cause bad dreams in some people. So, bad dreams occurring because of these reasons can be stopped if the diet is changed. Taking a light dinner of soups and salad is the best, both for the health and for stopping disturbed sleep in some cases.
Besides these, there are many other things a person can do to have a good night’s sleep. For example, your bedroom should be the most comfortable place in the world. So, get rid of all electronic gadgets including television. In addition, if you have negative thoughts, it can have side effects on the kind of dreams you have. So, from now on try to be a happy and positive person.
Title: Bad Dreams

【小题1】Effects / Harms
【小题2】disturb
【小题3】overcome / get over
【小题4】fatty and high-protein
【小题5】Tips/advice
【小题6】slow
【小题7】too ambitious
【小题8】Change the diet
【小题9】comfortable (enough)
【小题10】happy and positive

解析【小题1】Effects / Harms     推理题。指做噩梦的影响。
【小题2】disturb   原词再现。根据第一段第二句Bad dreams can disturb the sleep。
【小题3】overcome / get over   原词再现。根据第三段第二行they’re unable to get over。
【小题4】 fatty and high-protein 原词再现、根据第四段第一行Eating fatty and high-protein foods in dinner
【小题5】Tips/advice   归纳总结。本部分是关于消除噩梦的建议。
【小题6】slow  原词再现。根据第二段倒数第二行learn to take things slow。
【小题7】too ambitious    原词再现。根据第二段倒数第二行Don’t be ambitious。
【小题8】Change the diet     句式转换。根据倒数第二段第二行if the diet is changed.
【小题9】comfortable (enough)  原词再现。最后一段第二行the most comfortable place in the world.
【小题10】happy and positive 原词再现。文章最后一行try to be a happy and positive person.

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For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub. Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news.

As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites. The most famous example is the pub in the city of Nottingham called “The Old Trip to Jerusalem”, which dates back to the year 1189 AD and is probably the oldest pub in England.

However, British pubs are not just for kings and queens; they welcome people from all classes and parts of society. On a cold night, the pub’s landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.

That’s how things used to be. Things are beginning to change. It is said that the credit crunch(信贷紧缩) is causing 39 British pubs a week to go out of business. People do not have enough spare money to spend on beer. Recently, the UK government banned smoking in all pubs, and that may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs.

This decline is happening despite the fact that in 2005 the UK government started to allow pubs to stay open after 1l pm. Previously, with 1l pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. The British habit of drinking a lot very quickly is known as “binge drinking”, and it causes long-term health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities.

In order to save their businesses, pubs are trying to change with the market. British pubs now offer something for everyone. A lot of pubs used to be “Working Men's Clubs”, meaning that women could not usually enter. Today, however, women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any problems. Perhaps things are changing for the better after all.

1.The passage mainly tells us something about ______.

A. the past and present of British pubs

B. the decline of British pubs

C. the long history of British pubs

D. the importance of British pubs

2.Which may not be the cause of the decline of British pubs?

A. The credit crunch.

B. The present closing time.

C. The ban of smoking.

D. Having no spare money.

3.We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. British people used to like drinking slowly

B. closing the pubs early will reduce social problems

C. binge drinking means drinking less beer

D. British government aims to discourage people from binge drinking

4.We can see from the last paragraph that the author _______.

A. is against the admission of too many women to the pubs

B. holds an optimistic attitude towards the British pubs

C. thinks that women in the pubs will cause less social problems

D. thinks that British pubs should offer everything you need

A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease.

Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948. The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet. At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts. Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.

Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person. So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.

University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study. He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely. They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.

Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely. In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52% more likely to develop feelings of loneliness. A friend of that person was 25% more likely. The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness.

The effect was strongest among friends. Neighbors were the second most affected group. The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters. The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.

The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year. It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days.

Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties. The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it.

The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness. They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness. The result can be helpful to the whole social group.

1. What is true about the Framingham Study?

A. It was only conducted in 1948. B. It involves more than 12,000 participants.

C. It was led by John Cacioppo D. It showed that any behavior could spread.

2. From the passage, we can learn that .

A. the habit of littering doesn’t spread

B. a lonely person won’t have friends

C. everyone may be affected by others’ loneliness

D. lonely people don’t know the cause of their loneliness

3. Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?

A. The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.

B. No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.

C. Women are more likely to be affected than men.

D. Brothers are more easily affected than neighbors.

4. If you make 10 more friends in a year, the days of your feeling loneliness will be reduced by .

A. 48 days B. 25 days C. 20 days D. 15 days

5.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Actions should be taken to help lonely people. B. People feel lonely for many reasons.

C. Ways to fight against loneliness. D. Lonely people can affect others.

Books are not Nadia Konyk's thing. Her mother brings them home from the library, but Nadia rarely shows interest. Instead, like so many other teenagers, Nadia, 15, is addicted to the Internet. She regularly spends at least six hours a day in front of the computer, spending most of her time reading and commenting on stories written by other users. Her mother, Deborah Konyk, would prefer that Nadia read books for a change.

As teenagers' scores on reading tests have declined, some argue that the hours spent surfing the Internet are the enemy of reading—destroying a precious common culture that exists only through the reading of books. Critics have warned that electronic media would destroy reading.

Others say the Internet has created a new kind of reading. The Web inspires a teenager like Nadia, who might otherwise spend most of her leisure time watching television, to read and write. What is different now, some literacy experts say, is that spending time on the Web engages viewers with text.

Web supporters believe that strong readers on the Web may eventually surpass those who rely on books. Reading five Web sites, experts say, can be more enriching than reading one book. "It takes a long time to read a 400-page book," said Spiro. "In a tenth of the time," he said, the Internet allows a reader to "cover a lot more of the topic from different points of view."

Some literacy experts say that reading itself should be redefined. Interpreting videos or pictures, they say, may be as important a skill as analyzing a novel or a poem. "Kids are using sound and images so they have a world of ideas to put together," said Donna Alvermann, a professor of literacy education at the University of Georgia. "Books aren't out of the picture, but they're only one way of experiencing information in the world today."

Next year, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which gives reading, math and science tests to 15-year-old students in more than 50 countries, will add an electronic reading component（软件）. The United States says it will not participate because an additional test would overburden schools.

1.Why are books not the thing of Nadia Konyk?

A. She does reading mainly through electronic media.

B. Her mother doesn’t provide her with enough books.

C. She has become addicted to playing games on the web.

D. Like many youngsters, she has lost interest in reading.

2.How many hours does Nadia spend in front of the computer in a week?

A. Exactly forty-two hours B. Usually fifty hours

C. More than forty hours D. At most thirty-six hours

3.Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?

A. To search for information on the web engages viewers without text.

B. To explain videos is a technique more important than analyzing a novel.

C. Children using sound and images may lose their interest in movies.

D. People reading well online may surpass those who rely on books.

4.Why did the US refuse to participate in the tests with an added electronic reading component? It is because ______.

A. the teachers and students considered it useless

B. such a test would give schools more extra work

C. they thought reading was the only way to get information

D. none of them showed interest in such an additional test

Information has always been at the center of human communication. You may ask why. Well, communication between people contains giving and receiving information. The way we give and receive information today has experienced a revolution in the development of the mass media in the 20th century.

The first truly mass communication medium was the newspaper. For the first time in history, people could read about events in their country and from around the world every day. However, there were two problems with newspapers of that time. Firstly, newspapers were available only in large cities, for getting newspapers to the countryside was a difficult and time-consuming（耗时的） task. Secondly, newspapers weren’t always reliable, as there was a limited range of opinions.

Nowadays, we can choose from a wide variety of sources to get information. Television and the Internet have given us the chance to be informed about everything the minute it happens. Large numbers of radio and TV stations, satellite channels and millions of websites help people keep up with the latest news. People live in history and are part of it.

The media have come a long way in the last century and there is no doubt that we now live in the information age. Whatever type of media we choose, it all comes down to the need for information. This will always be a basic need as long as communication is part of human nature.

1.Information is considered the center of human communication because ________.

A. human communication means information exchange

B. human communication involves people’s participation

C. information is now experiencing a revolution

D. information helps people gather together

2.What was the historical contribution of the newspaper as a source of information?

A. It made the mass communication truly develop.

B. It helped the mass communication develop in cities.

C. It kept people timely informed about home and world events.

D. It kept reliable information available in big cities.

3.The third paragraph mainly tells us that technology helps ________.

A. information easily available B. people be part of history

C. inform everything timely D. produce the latest news

4.It can be concluded from the last paragraph that a basic need today is ________.

A. communication B. information

C. high technology D. media types

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