题目内容

1．At first sight the planet Mars（火星）does not appear very welcoming to any kind of life．It has very little oxygen and water，the temperature at night is below 50degrees and winds of 100miles （161kilometers）per hour cause severe dust storms．However，the surface of the planet seems to show that water flowed across it at some time in the past，and it is believed that there would be enough ice at the poles to cover the planet with water if it melted．Although there is no life on the Mars now，some scientists think there may have been some form of life a long time ago．At that time，the planet had active volcanoes（火山）； the atmosphere was thicker and warmer； and there was water．In fact，in some ways the Mars may have been similar to the Earth，where life exists．
Some people believe that the Mars could support life in the future if the right conditions were produced．The first step would be to warm the planet using certain gases which trap the Sun's heat in the planet's atmosphere．With warmth，water and carbon dioxide（二氧化碳），simple plants could begin to grow．These plants could slowly make the Mars fit to live on．It is judged that the whole process might take between 100，000and 200，000years．In the meantime，people could begin to live on the planet in a special closed environment．They would provide a lot of useful information about conditions on Mars and the problems connected with living there．

33．According to the passage，the planet Mars has noAon it．
A．animals        
B．mountains          
C．dust       
D．winds
34．What is the topic of Paragraph 2？C
A．Certain gases should be used to warm Mars．
B．Plants should be grown to make Mars fit to live on．
C．Mars could support life with right conditions in the future．
D．People could live on Mars in a special closed environment．
35．The most suitable title for the passage isD．
A．No Life on Mars                   
B．A Study of Mars
C．The Future conditions on Mars        
D．The Possibility of Life on Mars．

分析 本文是科教类文章，主要分析了火星上的现状以及对过去火星历史的推测，从而展望了未来火星适合人类生存的可能性．

解答 33．A．细节理解题．在第一段中的细节中提到了winds，duststorms，volcanoes，但是没有涉及第四项，根据thereis no life on the Mars now知火星上没有动物生存，故选A项．
34．C．段落大意题．根据第二段的叙述可知主要讲未来在火星上如何创造适合人类生存的条件，也就是说第一句话为本段的主题句，故本段主题为C项．
35．D．主旨大意题．本文主要分析了火星上的现状以及对过去火星历史的推测，从而展望了未来火星适合人类生存的可能性，故D项作为题目合适．

点评 本文是科技类阅读，主要考查细节理解题和推理判断题．在做细节理解题时，首先根据题目要求迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语．认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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A young woman carrying a three-year-old child got on a bus. The conductor hurried to give her a warm welcome and then kindly asked the other passengers to make more room for the woman and her child. On seeing this, people began to talk. “You know this conductor used to be very rude. Now suddenly he has changed his bad behavior,” said a middle-aged man.

“Yes, he should be praised and we must write a letter to the company,” said a second passenger. “That's right,” another lady said, “I wish a newspaper reporter were here so that more people could learn from this conductor.” Just then a gentleman who looked like a teacher turned to the conductor and said , “Excuse me, but can I know your name, please? Your excellent service must be praised.”

Before he could open his mouth, the three-year-old child sitting on the young woman's lap interrupted, “I know his name. I call him Dad.”

1.The passengers were ______ to see the conductor's kindness to the woman and the child.

A. excited B. pleased C. interested D. surprised

2.One passenger suggested writing a letter to the company to ______.

A. make a demand for more buses

B. thank the conductor for his good service

C. criticize the conductor for his rude behavior

D. invite a newspaper reporter to write about the conductor

3.It is clear from the story that the conductor _______.

A. has changed his attitude towards his work

B. has now been kind and polite to all passengers

C. has not changed his rude behavior to passengers

D. has now been kind and polite to women with children
12．ottled water has become the choice for people who are healthy and thirsty．Bottled water is all over the world．But some say the planet's health，and people's health may be suffering from it．
The idea that bottled water is safer for humans may not be true．The Natural Resources Defense Council of America said，"There is no promise that because water comes out of a bottle，it is cleaner or safer than water from the tap．"Another New York City-based action group added that some bottled water is"really just tap water in a bottle-sometimes more clean，sometimes not．"
It is not proven that bottled water is better than tap water．Nick Reeves from the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management said，"The high mineral content（含量） of some bottled water makes them not good for feeding babies and young children．"Also，most bottled water doesn't have fluoride（氟化物），which can make teeth stronger．Kids are drinking more bottled water and less fluoridated tap water，and some say that's behind the recent rise in bad teeth．
Storing is another problem．Placed near heat，the plastic bottles can produce bad chemicals（化学物质） into the water．
According to the Environmental Protection Agency，some 2.7million tons of plastic are used worldwide to bottle water each year．The plastic can take between 400and 1，000years to break down．
In terms of energy use，plastic bottles are also not cheap．One report said that if water and soft drink bottlers had used 10percent recycled materials in their plastic bottles，they would have saved about 72million gallons of gas．
So，if you are worried about the effect of bottled water on the Earth，you can take the following steps．
●Drink from your tap．Unless your government warns against this，it should be fine．
●Get a container（容器）．Carry your tap water in a steel or a lined drinking container，and clean it between uses．
●Keep it cool．Don't drink from a bottle that has been sitting in the sun，don't store it near chemicals，and don't reuse plastic bottles．
●Choose glass containers over plastic if possible．When finished，recycle!

67．What is the main idea of the article？D
A．Drinking tap water is the only choice for people．
B．Glass containers are better than plastic bottles．
C．Plastic bottles are harmful to the environment．
D．Bottled water may not be as good as we think．
68．What can we learn about plastic bottles from the article？C
A．They break down in less than 300years．
B．They can be used for many other things．
C．They are a risk to the environment．
D．They are cheap to make．
69．According to the article，we can know that bottled water isB．
A．no problem for the environment
B．moreexpensive than tap water
C．always safer than tap water
D．better for babies
70．Which of the following about tap water is NOT mentioned in the article？A
A．There are a lot of problems storing tap water．
B．Bottled water can be just tap water in a bottle．
C．It may be better for your teeth．
D．It may contain fluoride．
9．Let's face it．No one drinks diet sodas for the taste．People drink diet sodas in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it．Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect，according to a new study．
Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those who didn't drink diet sodas．"What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank，the more weight they were likely to gain，"said Sharon Fowler．
The study was based on data from 474participants in a large，ongoing research project，where the participants were followed for nearly 10years．
While the findings are surprising，they also offer some explanations．
Nutrition expert，Melanie Rogers，who works with overweight patients in New York，has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet sodas，they don't lose weight at all．"We weren't seeing weight loss necessarily，and that was confusing to us，"said Rogers．
So why would diet soda cause weight gain？No one knows for sure yet，but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet sodas，and so over-compensate for the missing calories．
A related study found some sweeteners （甜味剂）raised blood sugar levels in some mice．"Data from this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky，"said Helen P．Hazuda，professor at School of Medicine of the University of Texas．"They may be free of calories，but not of consequences．"

25．People drink diet sodas toC．
A．enjoy its taste        
B．stay in fashion
C．achieve weight loss   
D．gain more energy
26．We can learn from the passage thatB．
A．regular sodas make people lose more weight
B．diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food
C．diet sodas do help reduce calories
D．most blood diseases come from diet sodas
27．The underlined word"They"in the last paragraph probably refers to"B"．
A．sweeteners
B．diet sodas and artificial sweeteners
C．sodas
D．diet soda drinkers and sweetener takers．
16．For years we have been told that encouraging a child's self-respect is important to his or her success in life．But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect． Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car．
The implication （含义） of saying"You are the prettiest girl in class，"or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort，is that you love her only when she looks the best，scores the highest，achieves the most．And this carries over to the classroom．
Social psychologist Carol Dweck，PhD，tested the effects of overpraise on 400fifth graders while she was at Columbia University．She found that kids praised for"trying hard"did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being"smart"．
"Praising attributes （品质） or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality，and it devalues effort，so children are afraid to take on challenges，"says Dweck，now at Stanford University．"They figure they'd better quit while they're ahead．"

29．The underlined words"Praise-aholic kids"refer to kids who areD．
A．tired of being praised             
B．worthy of being praised
C．very proud of being praised        
D．extremely fond of being praised
30．The author quoted （引用） Dr．Dweck's words in the last paragraph in order to make the articleC．
A．better-known    
B．better-organized    
C．more persuasive   
D．more interesting
31．We can infer from the passage thatA．
A．praise for efforts should be more encouraged
B．praise for results works better than praise for efforts
C．praising a child's achievements benefits his or her success in life
D．praising a child's abilities encourages him or her to take on challenges．
6．With only two weeks to go before Christmas，buying presents is a lug priority for a lot of people．However，this year not so many people are leaving their homes to browse around the shops．These days lots of people do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet．
    Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons：prices are often lower online，you don't have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imagin-able with just a few clicks of your mouse．
    Computer trends are often man-dominated but this year women are expected to do more shop-ping on the Internet than men．It seems．that women are now more attracted to the convenience of on-line shopping than they used to be．
Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to 240comparedtotheslightlyloweraverage233 for men，while the average spending per person on the high street is only $197.70% of lnternet users，male and female，are now buying their Christmas gifts online．
In the past a lot of people were unwilling to shop online．Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Intemet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping； online has become more widespread，these worries have begun to disappear.45% of Internet users still do have  security worries but it hasn't slowed the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers．
    One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street．Christmas trading can represent up to 60% of turnover for some stores．Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to Christmas．As a result there are lots of special offers in the shops．Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but this year the bargains have come early．
68．Why don't people browse around the shops to buy Christmas presents thus year？C
     A．Because they don't have enough time．
     B．Because Christmas is two weeks away．
     C．Because they go shopping on the lnternet．
     D．Because it isn't convenient for them to leave their houses．
 69．Which of the following is NOT the reason for people liking online shopping？B
     A．Lower prices．B．Using the bank cards．
     C．Saving time．D．Buying almost whatever you want．
70．Why were people unwilling to shop online in the past？C
     A．Because men were against shopping online．
     B．Because there were fewer goods on the Internet．
     C．Because people worried about the safety of their bank cards．
     D．Because they didn't trust the quality of the goods on the Internet．
71．Many companies on the UK high street have special offers before ChristmasB
     A．to beat online shops                B．to attract more customers
     C．to reward the customers             D．to reduce the competitions among them．
13．Due to rising pollution and a strengthening yuan，Beijing saw its tourist numbers drop to 4.20million visits from January to November in 2013from 5.01million visits in 2012．
The number of overseas travelers to Beijing grew after the city hosted the 2008Olympics until 2012，when it saw a 3.8% （51）B，followed by the further drop last year．The unexpected drop in 2013came （52）D new policies introduced in a（n） （53）Ato support China's tourism industry．But only 14，000tourists （54）C the visa-free stopover，according to the Beijing General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection，well short of the 20，000target officials had （55）C predicted．
Jiang Yiyi，deputy director of the Institute of International Tourism at the China Tourism Academy，（56）Bpart of the drop-off in foreign tourists to the strengthening yuan．
In 2013，the yuan increased almost 3% against the U．S．dollar，making"Beijing a more expensive （57）A than in the past"，Jiang Yiyi noted．"At the same time，"she said，"other countries have seen their tourist numbers grow as the currencies（货币） （58）D．While RMB is on the rise，currencies from some of China's（59）A for tourism，such as Japan，are depreciating（贬值），meaning travel to some other Asian countries has been getting cheaper while travel to China is becoming more expensive，"Jiang Yiyi said．In 2013，the Japanese yen fell 21% against the U．S．dollar，（60）B 10million overseas tourists．
The Beijing Tourism Development Commission noted that the country's battle with pollution is another（61）C cities face in attracting overseas tourists．
Heavy air pollution from Beijing to Shanghai，where pollution levels went off the charts in December，（62）Ddon't do much to help attract tourists．China's tourism officials are expecting to （63）B the trend of declining overseas visitors in 2014-possible，experts say，if it （64）A its outdated tour packages and lowers ticket prices．
Jiang Yiyi at the China Tourism Academy suggests China adopt a long-term national plan to （65）D the country's image and investment in overseas tourism to attract more visitors．

51．A．growthB．declineC．changeD．influence
52．A．in addition toB．by means ofC．as a result ofD．in spite of
53．A．attemptB．agreementC．hurryD．mood
54．A．got familiar withB．came up withC．took advantage ofD．put emphasis on
55．A．fortunatelyB．frequentlyC．previouslyD．occasionally
56．A．devotedB．owedC．attachedD．exposed
57．A．destinationB．tourismC．authorityD．association
58．A．reformB．collapseC．stabilizeD．weaken
59．A．competitorsB．supportersC．investorsD．reminders
60．A．inspiringB．attractingC．disappointingD．embarrassing
61．A．opportunityB．situationC．obstacleD．alternative
62．A．relevantlyB．approximatelyC．dramaticallyD．certainly
63．A．setB．reverseC．confirmD．follow
64．A．revisesB．sellsC．excludesD．demonstrates
65．A．createB．keepC．damageD．improve
10．The Friday after the American holiday of Thanksgiving is called Black Friday．It's said that it's the day that store ledgers（分类账）move into the black and companies become profitable．On that day，retailers slash（砍） prices to get consumers to buy．It is also a time when many Americans start their Christmas shopping．VOA's Elizabeth Lee tells us how the economy may affect consumers on that bargain day．
 This day should be a shopper's dream．"It's just the deals，the sales and everything you can get for a lesser price，"said Sandy Thomas，a shopper．But it's a nightmare for others．"I think it's crazy．I've done all of my shopping throughout the week so I don't have to go out on Friday，"she said．It's called Black Friday，the start of the traditional Christmas shopping season in the United States．Every year it's the day after the Thanksgiving holiday．Stores open before sunrise and there are deep discounts everywhere you look．
Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wal-mart worker in a New York suburb．This year，many stores are increasing security while they slash prices．"This is a huge time for the retail stores，"said Fred Joutz from George Washington University．"This is when they begin making their profits for the year．"
Economics professor Fred Joutz says how Americans spend the weekend after Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future．
With the unemployment rate above 10 percent，Joutz says Americans are saving more and spending less．Some retailers are attracting consumers by opening on Thanksgiving Day，when shops are traditionally closed．Other stores open their doors anywhere from midnight to four in the morning．
And shoppers will be lining up in front of the doors in order to be one of the first ones to walk through and get a big discount．Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually the first items to go．Sandy Thomas says it's an annual family tradition and well worth it．"I just save maybe half of what I would have spent on a regular，you know，shopping trip，"she said．
Economists say U．S．consumers will spend money this Black Friday，but they will spend it more carefully．
71．By saying"This day should be a shopper's dream"，the writer meansD．
A．shoppers have longed for this day for a long time
B．the shops will be very crowded on that day
C．the shops will keep open until the daybreak of next day
D．shoppers can buy many items at low prices on that day
72．Why are many stores increasing security according to the passage？C
A．Because there are too many people saving more and spending less．
B．Because it's a time when they begin making their profits for the year．
C．Because last year a crowd of bargain-hunters caused an accident．
D．Because many stores open their doors from midnight to four a．m．
73．From the passage we know thatA．
A．Christmas shopping is traditional time and this year it is no exception．
B．Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually least discounted．
C．The economy only affects consumers on that bargain day．
D．Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future．
74．We can find this passage inC．
A．a science fiction                       B．a travel brochure
C．an economic research report             D．a book on psychology
75．Why American people call it a black day？B
A．Because they organize activities in honor of some great person．
B．Because there are too many people going out shopping for Christmas．
C．Too many people are celebrating Thanks giving．
D．The sky is black that day．
11．The UK government is considering removing"Best Before"dates on food packaging in the country，in order to prevent throwing away of million tons of eatable produce worth£6bn each year．
According to the Waste and Resources Action Program，British families throw away 8.3million tons of food and drink a year，while most of it ends up in garbage sites．It is reported that more than 5million tons of the thrown-away food still remains eatable．
"Best Before"（BB） is not the same as"Use By"（UB）．BB is about quality not safety．UB is the key date in terms of safety．"Best Before"indicates the date before which a product provides the most satisfying experience for the consumer．It's safe to eat，but it just won't be at their best．By contrast，"UB"dates show when food is no longer safe and should be thrown away．One exception is eggs，which should not be eaten after their"BB"dates because they can contain salmonella bacteria，which could multiply．By law，pre-packed food must show a"BB"date．
The government will set down new policies that will provide better information for shoppers and stop them from throwing away food before it is even opened．Under the new policies，sellers will have to produce labels （标签） that will give accurate information of the health risks associated with foods that remain on shelves，or in the fridge for a certain period before being eaten．Seafood and eggs，for example，would be more likely to carry warnings of potential risks of food poisoning if they were eaten after a certain date．Bread，however，where risks would be smallest，would carry much simpler labels．
In order to reduce food waste，scientists at Strathclyde University are developing a plastic packaging，which will be on the shelves within two years．The advanced packaging can tell when meat，fish or salad leaves have passed their UB dates or have been left out of the fridge for too long．

60．The UK government is planning to remove BB dates in an attempt toA．
A．reduce food waste                   B．improve food package
C．introduce UB dates                  D．offer advice on keeping food
61．"Best Before"is a date whichC．
A．will apply to all kinds of food         B．indicates when food is to go off
C．concerns quality rather than safety     D．gives full information on potential risks
62．Which would carry the least health risk information on the labels？A
A．Bread．  B．Seafood．  C．Meat．  D．Salad leaves．
63．Which would be the best title for the passage？D
A．Food Safety Policy in UK        B．"Best Before"or"Use By"？
C．Food Waste：Who Is to Blame？D．UK to Remove"BB"Food Labels．

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