题目内容

In human, there is a possibility of ____ such as fever and headaches if there is exposure to the virus.

A.
symptoms
B.
circumstances
C.
consequences
D.
exhibitions

A
试题分析：名词辨析。A症状；B环境；C结果；D展览；句意：在人类身上，如果他们感染了病毒，就会有发烧头疼等等的症状。根据句意说明A正确。
考点：考查名词辨析
点评：名词的词义辨析要放在上下文的语境中进行，要注意上下文的语义的串联以及逻辑关系的推理，特别要注意一些名词的固定搭配以及名词的深层次的含义的区别。

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Our bodies are wonderfully skillful at keeping balance．When the temperature jumps, we sweat to cool down．When our blood pressure falls, our hearts can do something．As it turns out, though, our natural state is always changing．Researchers are finding that everything from blood pressure to brain function changes regularly with the cycles of sun, moon and seasons．And their insights （洞察力） are getting new ways for keeping away such common killers as heart disease and cancer．Only one doctor in 20 has a good knowledge of the scientific use of time in medicine．But according to a new American Medical Association, three out of four are eager to change that．“The field is exploding,” says Michael Smolensky．“Doctors used to look at us like, What spaceship did you get off ? Now they're thirsty to know more．”

In medical school, most doctors learn that people with chronic conditions should take their medicine regularly．“It’s a terrible way to treat disease,” says Dr Richard Martin．For example, asthmatics （气喘患者） are most likely to suffer during the night．Yet most patients try to keep a constant level of medicine in their blood day and night, whether by breathing in on an inhaler （吸入器） four times a day or taking a pill each morning and evening．In recent studies, researchers have found that a large mid afternoon dose of a bronchodilator （支气管扩张剂） can be as safe as several small doses, and better for preventing nighttime attacks．

If the night belongs to asthma, the dawn belongs to high blood pressure and heart disease．Heart attacks are twice as common at 9 a．m．as at 11 p．m．Part of the reason is that our blood pressure falls at night, then rises as we start to work for the day．“Doctors know that,” says Dr．Henry Black of Chicago's Medical Center, “but until now, we haven't been able to do anything about it．” Most blood - pressure drugs provide 18 to 20 hours of relief （减缓）．But because they’re taken in the morning, they're least effective when most needed．“You take your pill at 7 and it's working by 9,” says Dr．William White of the University of Connecticut Health Center “But by that time you've gone through the worst four hours of the day with no protection．” Bedtime medicine would prevent high blood pressure, but it would also push blood pressure to dangerously low levels during the night．

Researchers are finding that _________ ．

A．heart disease and cancer are the most common killers of human beings

B．only blood pressure and brain function are decided by cycles of sun, moon and seasons

C．the functions of human bodies have much to do with nature

D．any change in human bodies goes with changes in the surroundings

According to the author, it is best for asthmatics to take their medicine _________ ．

A．at certain time

B．each morning and evening

C．when the disease occurs

D．at midafternoon

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．Doctors know more about illnesses than before．

B．Doctors in the U．S．used to be thirsty to know more about the new medical field．

C．The researchers' insights are providing new methods to prevent common killers．

D．The correct use of time in medicine attracts more attention in medical circle in the U．S．A．

The suggested title for this passage might be _________．

A．Medicine Is Everything B．Treatment Is Everything

C．Timing Is Everything D．Prevention Is Everything

Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour.

The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.

Scientists have changed the colour of a dark-striped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment(色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanosomes(黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour.

It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation(变异) in the gene for melanosome production. This results in less pigmented skin.

However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.

Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun(太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.

But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.

Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin colour, said Cheng.

The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.

51. The passage mainly tells us that ________.

A. people can not change their skin colour without any pain

B. the new discovery could lead to search into ways to change skin colour safely

C. pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin colour as he liked

D. scientists have found out that people’s skin colour is determined by the gene

52. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A. nowadays people who want to change their skin colour have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment

B. Europeans and Africans have the same gene

C. the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer

D. there are two kinds of genes

53. Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebra fish in order to ________.

A. find the different genes of humans’

B. prove the humans’ skin colour is determined by the pigment gene

C. find out the reason why the Africans’ skin colour is dark

D. find out the ways of changing peopl’s skin colour

54. The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably that ________.

A. they are born light-skinned people

B. light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gen for melanosome production

C. they have fewer activities outside

D. they pay much attention to protecting their skin

55. The writer’s attitude towards the discovery is ________.

A. neutral B. negative C. positive D. indifferent

Five thousand years ago, people thought that illnesses were the result of evil living in human bodies. They also believed that gods and superior spirits were punishing people through diseases. The practice of magic and witchcraft (巫术) was popular among many tribes, and charms (符咒) and images of gods to drive away the evil spirits were often used.

People also started using herbal(草药的) medicine and by trial and error (反复试验，不断摸索) learned how to cure stomachaches and fevers. They had a witch doctor in the community. He would treat people with simple herbal medicine and magic. Early medicine was practiced the way north tribal Indians did hundreds of years ago and the way some tribes practice it today.

The ancient Chinese believed that the body was ruled by two forces, which they called “yin” and “yang”. The body would become ill if one force overcame the other and the balance between them was changed. Acupuncture (针刺疗法) was the way to bring back the balance between the two.

Also sand painting was an important part of Navaho medicine. The medicine man paints loosely upon the floor of an earth-covered house, where the ceremony takes place, or on a buckskin (鹿皮) or a piece of cloth, by letting the colored sands flow through his fingers with control and skill.

Ancient Mesopotamians believed that diseases come either from an evil spirit or a physical problem, such as worms. The doctor would decide from which source the illness has come from and send the patient either to a herbalist or to a witch doctor.

Egyptians had a very advanced medicine. They would sometimes rely on the god’s power to receive healing, but they also treated illnesses and operated on minor health problems like snake bites. They sucked the blood from the wound and bound the affected limb to stop the poison from spreading.

66. The practice of magic and witchcraft was popular in ancient times because ________ .

A. people could avoid being punished by gods and superior spirits by doing this.

B. people thought they could avoid getting diseases in this way.

C. people believed the evil spirits could be driven away in this way.

D. people often got diseases and this way was very effective.

67. How many places are mentioned where early medicine existed in the passage?

A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.

68. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.

A. people can cure lots of diseases by combining herbal medicine and magic.

B. herbal medicine is so effective that it can cure all kinds of diseases.

C. witch doctors treated people only with herbal medicine.

D. people tried lots of times to cure illnesses with herbal medicine.

69. Ancient Chinese people believed that ________.

A. diseases were the result of evil living in human bodies.

B. people would fall ill if the balance in human bodies was disturbed.

C. a medicine man could cure people’s diseases by sand painting.

D. diseases not only came from evil spirits but also were physical problems

70. The passage mainly tells us ________.

A. why ancient people became ill.

B. about the most advanced medicine in ancient times.

C. about the development of herbal medicine.

D. how ancient people cured their diseases.

An 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke once said, “All that is needed for the success of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights to decide whether to be used in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are puzzling the public and threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement attack biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing false reports of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are puzzled that anyone would harm an animal on purpose.

For example, a grandmotherly woman setting up an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was giving out sheets that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals－no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked what will happen when epidemics(传染病) return, she said. “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in an understandable way－in human terms, not in the language of biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s organ replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations(接种疫苗), and even a pet’s shots. To those who know nothing about the animal research that was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

Much can be done. Scientists could give middle school lessons and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, in case animal rights misinformation goes unchallenged and gains a false appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because there are a lot of patients, the health research community should actively recruit(招募) not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that uninformed citizens will wipe out the precious of medical progress.

1. The purpose of the author beginning his article with Edmund Burke’s words is to _____.

A．call on scientists to take some actions

B．argue against the cause of animal rights

C．warn of the failure of biomedical research

D．show the success of the animal rights movement

2. In the second paragraph, the author took a grandmotherly woman as an example to show ____.

A. the way to prevent epidemics B. the innocence of the woman

C. how strong the opposition was D. how important the animal rights were

3. In the eyes of the author, misguided people are likely to think that using an animal in research

is ______.

A．cruel but necessary B．just but unnecessary

C．meaningful and wasteful D．inhuman and unacceptable

4. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．People care very little about returns of epidemics.

B．The public lacks knowledge of biomedical science.

C．Stephen Cooper is very seriously concerned about animal treatment.

D．Scientists should make efforts to develop new cures by means of hi-tech.

5. According to the passage, the author’s attitude toward biomedical research is ________.

A. Disinterested B. Indifferent C. Objective D. Supportive

____ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants of genes in human body.

A．Exposed

B．Being exposed

C．Having exposed

D．After being exposed

In human, there is a possibility of ____ such as fever and headaches if there is exposure to the virus.

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