题目内容

语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

My aunt Betty is a typist who has always wanted to go on a time travel holiday．Last year she 1. (decide)to design her own time tour．She wanted to take a space capsule to AD 3050．The representative from 2. time travel company gave her the impression that the space capsule was easy 3. (handle)．He told her about its efficiency and safety. This increased her 4. (motivate)to take the DIY(Do It Yourself)time tour．However，her trip was not the instant success she had expected．When she pressed the switch to begin the journey there was a flash 5. the capsule’s engine died．No matter how hard she tried，Aunt Betty was unable to restart the engine，which made her 6. (terrify)．It seemed that the capsule was far from being efficient and 7. (rely)．She wondered whether some parts of the capsule had been manufactured from second-hand materials． 8. (obvious)it was quite unsafe for her to travel in，so instead of 9. (visit)settlements far in the future，Aunt Betty had to go to Hainan 10. her holiday!

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Many jobs must be done with two people. One person takes the lead. The other helps. So it is with the human body. Much of our body depends on the cooperation between substances. When they work together, chemical reactions take place smoothly. Body systems are kept in balance.

Some of the most important helpers in the job of good health are the substances we call vitamins. The word “vitamin” dates back to Polish scientist Casimir Funk in 1912. He was studying a substance in rice. Funk believed the substance belonged to a group of chemicals known as amines (胺类). He added the Latin word “vita”, meaning life. So he called the substance a “vitamine”—an amine necessary for life.

Other studies found that not all vitamins were amines. So the name was shortened to vitamin. But Funk was correct in recognizing their importance.

Scientists have discovered 14 kinds of vitamins. They say vitamins help to carry out chemicals changes within cells. If we do not get enough of the vitamins, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. This brings us back to James Lind of Scotland. In the 1740s, Lind was a doctor for the British Navy. He was investigating a problem that had existed in the Navy for many years.

The problem was the disease scurvy(坏血病). The sailors were weak from bleeding inside their bodies. Even the smallest wound would not heal. Doctor Lind thought the sailors were getting sick because they failed to eat some kinds of foods when they were at sea for many months.

Doctor Lind separated twelve sailors who had scurvy into two groups. He gave each group different foods to eat. One group got oranges and lemons. The other did not. The men who ate the fruit began to improve within seven days. The other men got weaker.

However, which foods should be eaten to keep us healthy? Let us look at some important vitamins for these answers.

1.Why was the name “vitamine” shortened to “vitamin”?

A. Because Funk was totally wrong.

B.Because few vitamins were amines.

C. Because there were new findings.

D. Because the latter was easy to remember.

2.The underlined word “This” in the fourth paragraph probably refers to that _______.

A. people tend to develop many diseases

B. lack of the vitamins causes disease

C. vitamins help chemical changes within cells

D. it is common for people to get no enough vitamins

3.Doctor Lind proved eating fruits can prevent scurvy by means of _______.

A. comparing B. analyzing C. surveying D. questioning

4.What is the main topic of the passage?

A. Food to keep us healthy.

B. The benefits of vitamins.

C. Research into scurvy.

D. Facts about vitamins.

书面表达

生活中冲突时有发生。你班同学苏华和李江在上周篮球赛打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。

简要描述事情的经过

打篮球、碰撞(bump into each other)、争执,等等

分析发生冲突的原因

1.遇事不够冷静

2.…太注重得失…

谈谈避免冲突的做法

(请考生根据自己的经历或感想,提出至少两种做法)

注意:

1.对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。

2.词数100左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数。

3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如班级、人名等。

Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.

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People with many different relationships use small talk. The most common types of people to use small talk are those who do not know each other at all. It is also common for people who are only acquaintances (熟人), often called a “friend of a friend”, to use small talk.

There are certain “safe” topics that people usually make small talk about. The weather is probably the number one thing. Sometimes even friends and family members discuss the weather when they meet or start a conversation. Another topic that is generally “safe” is current events, such as sports news and entertainment news. If there is something that you and the other speaker have in common, that may also be acceptable to talk about. Negative comments about another person not involved in the conversation are not acceptable because you cannot be sure who his friends are when you do not know a person well.

People make small talk just about anywhere. Most often, small talk happens in places where people are waiting for something. For example, you might chat with another person who is waiting for the bus to arrive. Some social events (such as a party) require small talk among guests who do not know each other very well.

The most common time for small talk to happen is the first time you see or meet someone. However, the next time you see each other, you might just smile and say nothing. Do not interrupt two people in order to discuss something unimportant, such as the weather. If someone is reading a book or writing a letter in a waiting room, it is not proper to initiate a conversation either.

1. The third paragraph mainly tells us .

A. how people make small talk

B. people like making small talk

C. why people make small talk

D. where people make small talk

2.What can we learn about small talk according to the text?

A. Small talk only happens between strangers.

B. When people feel lonely, they will start small talk.

C. Unpleasant comments about another person aren’t a “safe” topic.

D. Small talk only happens when people want to make friends.

3.The underlined word “initiate” in the last paragraph probably means “ ”.

A. end B. start C. control D. Avoid

The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. As we know，we're while we're eating; we sit in the car and we sit while we watch TV. And many of us sit for many hours at work.

New research shows that sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Smith, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere.

However, Mr. Smith says that does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. He also says you may exercise often, “We can't throw away physical activity. It's extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that.”

Mr. Smith and his colleagues are part of a new generation of researchers studying how sitting all day affects length of life. “Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality(死亡率)or television viewing and mortality are very rare. There's only been a few of them, actually five or six now, in the last four or five years.” They found that cutting television time to less than two hours a day could add one－point four years to life.

Luckily, change is already coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A “standing desk” lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the “treadmill desk.” A treadmill is an exercise machine that lets you walk in one place. Even some U．S. schools are beginning to experiment with desks that are part bicycle to keep children moving. That's one of the strategies that many companies are using now.

Mr. Smith also says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives.

1.The underlined word “ubiquitous” is closest in meaning to________．

A．dangerous B. awkward

C．comfortable D. common

2.Which view agrees with the opinion of Mr. Smith?

A. Sitting too long may help increase one's life.

B．Exercise is important and don't sit too long.

C．Watching TV is bad, but can broaden one's horizons.

D．Stopping watching TV is a necessary but hard task.

3.What does Mr. Smith think of his study in Paragraph 4?

A．It's a relatively new area of study.

B．It's a hot subject studied by experts.

C．It's a study that begins too late.

D．It's not ignored by many experts.

4.Why are the desks of all kinds designed for those who sit more?

A．To give them more comfort.

B．To improve their work efficiency.

C．To offer them the chance to exercise.

D．To seek pleasure while working.

A glass a day keeps obesity at bay．Alcohol has always been thought to cause weight gain because of its high sugar content，but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet．Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight，those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight．

A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，“Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain．”The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that current data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight．

Boston University’s Dr．Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制)relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood．His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病)，which relate to increasing obesity．Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers．

The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods．They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight．

For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese．What’s more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine，destroys fat cells．

1.Who is the passage intended for?

A．Those who produce wine．

B．Those who have a drinking habit．

C．Those who sell alcoho1．

D．Those who wish to quit drinking．

2.What does the phrase“in moderation”in the first paragraph refer to?

A．Excitedly． B．Carefully．

C．Properly． D．Frequently．

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A．Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight．

B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat．

C．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear．

D．The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.

4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A．How to do some easy experiments．

B．How to reduce the calories contained in wine．

C．How to make wine in a healthy way．

D．How to prove the finding mentioned above．

For many men, the idea that they have a better sense of direction than women has been improved by a scientific study.

Researchers from Norway scanned on the brains of volunteers as they completed navigation (导航) tasks to discover men are more skillful at finding their way because they use a separate part of their brain. According to lead researcher Dr. Cal Pintzka from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), men and women have different navigational strategies.

Med use basic directions—the use of north, south, east and west—during navigation to a greater degree. Men’s sense of direction was more effective. They quite simply got to their destination faster. “If they’re going to the Students Society building in Trodheim, for example, men usually go into the general direction where it is located.” Dr. Pintzka explained.

Women usually orient (标定方向) themselves along a route to get there, for example, go past the hairdresser and then up the street and turn right after the shore.

The study shows that using the basic directions is more efficient because it is a more flexible strategy. The destination can be reached faster because the strategy depends less on where you start.

Meanwhile, the study also shows both men and women use large areas of the brain when they navigate, but some areas were different. The man used the hippocampus (海马体) more, whereas women use their frontal areas to a greater extent. That degrees with the fact that the hippocampus is necessary to make use of basic directions. Losing one’s sense of direction is one of the first symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease.

Understanding how men and women use different brain areas and strategies to navigate, researchers will be able to enhance the understand of the disease’s development, and develop coping strategies for those already affected.

1. How are men different from women in navigation?

A. They use a separate part of their brain.

B. They deal with navigation in complex ways.

C. They make different actions to the road signs.

D. They form different images of road conditions.

2. What strategy do men usually take to find a place?

A. Finding out all possible routes.

B. Remembering all the landmarks.

C. Making out the general direction.

D. Drawing a general map of the place.

3.Why is men’s strategy more efficient?

A. Because it is much easier to be carried out.

B. Because it is more helpful to identify roads.

C. Because it is simpler for telling directions.

D. Because it is less limited by the starting place.

4.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. Getting to the destination is no more a difficult thing.

B. Men have a better sense of direction than women.

C. Alzheimer’s disease can be prevented effectively.

D. Hippocampus is playing a key role in navigation.

To ______ Jane on having passed the examination, we held a party to ______ it.

A. celebrate; congratulate B. congratulate ; celebrate

C. celebrate; celebrate D. congratulate; congratulate

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Self-confidence, motivation (动机), support and knowledge are the main factors determining if one succeeds or fails. Each of these factors influences our chances of success in a different way. 1. .

Lack of self-confidence is probably the most dreadful enemy of success. 2. Even the most capable person is sure to fail with such an attitude. If it is your case too, improving your self-confidence is a must.

Motivation is equally as important as self-confidence. 3. You may even not try to achieve the goal that lies before you. It is important to find out what is the best motivation for you. If you have to do something that does not motivate you, just treat yourself with a reward after you succeed. Of course, this reward should consist of something that will motivate you to pursue(追求) a success.

4. While it is not a must for succeeding in your goals, a lack of support can often lead to failure. It is also true that some people cannot succeed without a proper support from their surroundings. These people often lose their motivation or worse, their self-confidence. If you know such a person, supporting him or her is a right thing to do. Also surround yourself with the right people. You will see the results soon.

Pursuing realistic goals is also important for a success. You should always make sure that your goals are achievable. 5. Unrealistic goals usually lead to a fast failure and also make many people embarrassed.

A. As we know, many people try but do not succeed.

B. Consider all your knowledge and skills when setting up a goal.

C. Motivation is something in yourself that can push you forwards.

D. There are several main reasons why some people cannot succeed.

E. Supportive family and collective workplace are also very important.

F. Without it, you will not push yourself towards a better performance.

G. Thinking you are not good enough to achieve your goals is the same as deciding that you will not succeed.

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