World Wide Web The World Wide Web is a part of the computer Internet system. A recent study shows that more than thirty-million computer users link(连接)to the communications system called the Internet 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is a part of the computer Internet system. A recent study shows that more than thirty-million computer users link(连接)to the communications system called the Internet. The study shows that most of these people are using the World Wide Web.

Computers are linked with the Internet. The Internet is a communications system that permits many millions of computers to send and receive information. The World Wide Web is an important part of the Internet system. People use the Web to search for news, products and educational information. They may play games, buy books, records or other products or plan a holiday trip. These World Wide Web areas are called Websites.

Before the World Wide Web existed, information on the Internet was mostly written. Now, the Web provides the same written information but also includes sound, color pictures, television pictures and movies.

In 1993, a computer user could only link with 130 Websites, and it was difficult to link a computer with a Website. In 1994, computer scientists made it much easier to do. Today there are millions of Websites. Many more are being added each day.

The World Wide Web Consortium(国际性协议)is an international group. It is headed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, the National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control in France and Keio University in Japan. The Consortium includes more than 275 smaller computer organizations. These groups work together to improve how information is offered on the Web.

1. How many computer users are using the Internet now?

A. 3 000 000.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. 300 000 000.

C. 30 000 000.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. 300 000.

2. The World Wide Web can help its users to______.

A. search for papers, educational information and products

B. play games, buy products and plan a work trip

C. search for news, play games and buy books or records

D. search for news, only play games and buy products

3. Today the World Wide Web provided not only written information, but also______.

A. sound, color pictures and cigarettes

B. movies, color pictures and sound

C. sound, television pictures and a bottle of wine

D. color pictures, seeds and sound

4. Today the computer users link to the Internet______.

A. much more easily than before

B. much more difficult than before

C. is the same as before

D. far slower than before

5. How many countries is the World Wide Web Consortium headed by?

A. 1.　　　　　　 B. 2.　　　　　　 C. 4.　　　　　　 D. 3.

答案：CCBAD
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　　The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists．It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited．To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively, each person produces less and this means a lower average income that could be obtained with a smaller population．Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them．

　　One of the difficulties in carrying out a world wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials．In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be．In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex．A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods．When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened．Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline．

(1)

A small population may mean ________．
[　　]
A．	higher productivity, but a lower average income
B．	lower productivity, but a higher average income
C．	lower productivity and a lower average income
D．	higher productivity and a higher average income

(2)

According to the passage, a large population will provide chance for developing ________．
[　　]
A．	agriculture
B．	transport system
C．	industry
D．	national economy

(3)

In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate ________．
[　　]
A．	goes up
B．	goes down
C．	remains stable
D．	is out of control

(4)

According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for ________．
[　　]
A．	a developing nation
B．	a developed nation
C．	every nation with a big population
D．	every nation with a small population

(5)

It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because ________．
[　　]
A．	there are too many underdeveloped countries in the world
B．	underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial development
C．	different governments have different views of the question
D．	even developed countries may have complex problems

Lead（铅） deposits, which accumulated（增加） in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated（托管） unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased greatly.
A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining（减少）.
In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (分区) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.
In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.
The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed (再分配)the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies show that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统 ) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.
1. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that ________.
A. the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results
B. lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase
C. lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected
D. the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow
2. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US ________.
A. was discouraged B. was carried out by law
C. was forbidden by law D. was introduced
3. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?
A. By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.
B. By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.
C. By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.
D. By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.
4. The authors of the Ambio study have found that ________.
A forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected
B. lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with
C. lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US
D. the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions
5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists ________.
A. are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution
B. feel ease by the use of unleaded gasoline
C. still consider lead pollution a problem
D. lack enough means to combat lead pollution

There are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species and natural environment. If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed blow, you can write to the addresses given.

Friends of the Earth (FOE) campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests, the countryside, water and air pollution and energy.
Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P. O. Box 19199 1000 G. D.
Amsterdam
The Netherlands

Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals, stop global warming and end pollution of air, land and seas. It also opposes nuclear (核) power.
Greenpeace International
1016 DW Amsterdam
The Netherlands

BirdLife international is an organization
which works to save endangered
birds all over the world
BirdLife International
Wellbrook Court
Girton Road
Cambridge CB3 ONA
England

WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world’s largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species.
Information Officer
WWF International
Avenue du Mont-Blanc
1196 Gland
Switzerland

【小题1】If you want to learn more about the organizations, you can .

A．call them	B．write them a letter
C．visit them	D．send them an e-mail

【小题2】Which problem will be paid close attention to by FOE?

A．Overhunting ocean animals.

B．Killing endangered birds.

C．Heavy air pollution.

D．Global warming.

【小题3】If you oppose nuclear power, you can join .

A．Friends of the Earth

B．World Wide Fund For Nature

C．BirdLife International

D．Greenpeace

【小题4】What can we learn about WWF?

A．It helps to protect nature and save endangered animals.

B．It is the world’s largest international organization.

C．It works for private companies and rich people.

D．It is a private organization in the United States.

【小题5】Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Endangered animals

B．Global traffic problems

C．Environmental protection organizations

D．Natural beauty

Runners in a relay(接力) race pass a stick in one direction. However, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their living by traveling the famous Silk Road.
The Silk Road was not a simple trading network. It passed through thousands of citied and towns. It started from eastern China, across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in the Mediterranean Sea. It was used from about 200 B, C, to about A, D, 1300, when sea travel offered new routes(路线)　, It was sometimes called the world’s longest highway. However, the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. They passed through what are now 18 countries. The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. Only experienced traders could return safe.
The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. Silk could be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods. But the traders carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were much found in the Middle East and Asia. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods. Chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to graft(嫁接)　different trees together to make new kinds of fruit. They passed this science on to others, including the Romans. The Romans used grafting to grow the apple. Trading along the Silk Road led to world-wide business 2,000 years before the World Wide Web.
The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They also shared their beliefs. The Silk Road provided pathways for learning, diplomacy(外交), and religion (宗教)
【小题1】It’s probable that traders along the Silk Road needed .

A．to remember the entire trade route	B．to know the making of products
C．to receive certain special training	D．to deal with a lot of difficulties

【小题2】The Silk Road became less important because .

A．it was made up of different routes	B．silk trading became less popular
C．sea travel provided easier routes	D．people needed fewer foreign goods

【小题3】New technologies could travel along the Silk Road because people .

A．learned from one another	B．shared each other’s beliefs
C．traded goods along the route	D．earned their living by traveling

【小题4】What is the best title for the passage?

A．The Silk Road ; Past and Present	B．The Silk Road; East Meets West
C．The Silk Road; Routes Full of Dangers	D．The Silk Road; Pathways for Learning

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The computer, which was used to simplify difficult sums, began 31 a calculating machine in France in 1642. Then it developed into an analytical machine. After 32 (program) by an operator 33 used cards with holes, it could produce an answer quicker than any person. Later, Alan Turning wrote a book about how a computer could be made 34 work as a “universal machine”. From then on, the computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. By the 1940s, it had grown as large as a room and this reality worried the designers. 35 , with its memory 36 (improve), the computer was made smaller. First, the memory was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips. As a result, the shape of the computer 37 (total) changed from a large machine to a PC and then a laptop. Connected by 38 network, the computer was able to share its knowledge 39 others through the World Wide Web. Since the 1970s many new applications of the computer 40 (find) in communication, finance, trade and many other areas. The computer has become a devoted friend and helper of the human race.

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