Question

阅读理解 　　The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists．It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited．To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively, each person produces less and this means a lower average income that could be obtained with a smaller population．Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them． 　　One of the difficulties in carrying out a world wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials．In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be．In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex．A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods．When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened．Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline． (1) A small population may mean ________． [　　] A． higher productivity, but a lower average income B． lower productivity, but a higher average income C． lower productivity and a lower average income D． higher productivity and a higher average income (2) According to the passage, a large population will provide chance for developing ________． [　　] A． agriculture B． transport system C． industry D． national economy (3) In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate ________． [　　] A． goes up B． goes down C． remains stable D． is out of control (4) According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for ________． [　　] A． a developing nation B． a developed nation C． every nation with a big population D． every nation with a small population (5) It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because ________． [　　] A． there are too many underdeveloped countries in the world B． underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial development C． different governments have different views of the question D． even developed countries may have complex problems

Answer 1

答案：1．D;2．B;3．B;4．B;5．C;
解析：

(1)	“To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively, each person produces less and this means a lower average income that could be obtained with a smaller population．”(第一段)。为养活多的人……，每个人生产得少，这意味着更低的平均收入，而这些收入可被更少的人获得，故相反的，少的人口就有高产率和高人均收入了。
(2)	从第一段最后一句可知，那些港口、公路、铁路(属于交通系统)只有在为满足人们大的需求的情况下才可能被建成。
(3)	“A decreasing birthrate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods．When the pressure of population on housing declines，prices also decline and the building industry is weakened”(第二段)。从出生率降低所引发的系列连锁反应可看出导致人们失业的原因正是其本身。
(4)	“Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline．”(最后一段最后一句)。从本句可看出。
(5)	“One of the difficulties in carrying out a world wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials．”(第二段首句)。从句中的“困难之一是官员对人口增长的态度因国而异”可看出。