题目内容

85. Surgeons are working round the ________to save his life.

A．clock

B．hour

C．minute

D．Seconds

 

【答案】

A

【解析】略

 

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Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教会) or other non-profit groups.

Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service.

Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency(实习阶段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.

Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.

Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.

26. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _______.

A. a church            B. a corporation            C. a city                       D. a state

27. The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _______.

A. schooling and retraining                        B. practice in a hospital

C. facilities he or she uses                          D. education he or she receives

28. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?

A. About seven years.                                B. Eight years.

C. Ten years.                                             D. About twelve years.

29. Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _______.

A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them

B. they can take turns to work long hours

C. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder

D. no one wants to assume too much responsibility

30. Which of the following statements could fully express the author's view towards physicians’ payment in the USA?

A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.

B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.

C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.

D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded.

Information for Visitors to the Breenda Museum
Opening times
The Breenda Museum is open Tuesday to Saturday from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm. Admission (门票) is free and the museum is open to all.
The Breenda Museum is closed for the Christmas Holidays from 5:00 pm on Wednesday 23 December 2009 until 10:00 am Wednesday 6 January 2010.
Location and local transport network
The museum is located inside The Royal College of Surgeons, 35-43 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London.
The College is within easy walking distance of Tower underground station. It is a short taxi or underground journey from most major rail stations. There are two NCP car parks nearby.
Group bookings
All groups must book in advance. An online booking form for groups is now available.
Admission is free. A donation (捐献) of ￡3 per person is encouraged.
To book a visit please contact the museum on 020 7788 6060 or email: museums@rcsng.ac.uk
Tours for groups
Tours of the museum can be booked for up to 30 people:
*An introductory tour lasts 30 minutes and is ￡100 plus VAT (增殖税).
*A specialized tour lasts 45 minutes and is ￡130 plus VAT.
*Tours for schools are free, but donations are encouraged (￡3 per person).
*After hours tours (5:30-7:30 pm) are ￡130 per tour plus VAT. A tour will last 20-25 minutes.
To book a tour or a place for the free tour, please call 020 7869 6560.
60. From the text we know the Breenda Museum is open at         .
A. 4:00 pm Monday Jan.11, 2010        B. 11:00 am Friday Dec. 18, 2009
C. 6:00 am Thursday Jan.7, 2010      D. 11:00 am Wednesday Dec.30, 2009
61. To get to the museum, a tourist at the Tower underground station        .
A. can just walk           B. may go by train
C. should take a bus           D. must take another underground
62. Which of the following is true about group bookings?
A. Every person is charged ￡3.   B. Tours are available any time.
C. Tours must be booked in time.  D. Free tours can be booked on the Internet.
63. Which tour lasts the shortest time?
A. Tours for schools.            B. Tours for after hours.
C. The specialized tours.       D. The introductory tours.

下面 是各位专家的有关信息，请阅读六位不同的人的需求（A---F）,并按照需求匹配信息。选项中有一项是多余选项。

1.Doctor Allen

    Doctor Allen is a dentist．The dentist is a doctor who is specially trained to care for teeth．When you visit your dentist for a checkup, he or she will look at your teeth and gums to check for any problem．The dentist also wants to make sure your teeth are developing properly as you grow．It’s important to visit your dentist every 6 months to make sure you’re taking good care of your teeth and that your teeth and gums are healthy．

2.Doctor Philips

    Doctor Philips is a pediatrician．Basically, pediatricians focus on the physical, emotional, and social health of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults from birth to 21 years．Their patient-care lens is focused on prevention, detection, and management of physical, behavioral, developmental, and social problems that affect children．Even more basically, pediatricians take care of children．This might involve treating an ear infection, talking to parents about school or behavioral problems, or seeing them for well child checkups and giving them their shots．

3.Doctor Smith

    Doctor Smith is a surgeon, who is a physician specializing in surgery．General Surgeons perform comprehensive general surgery examinations, consultation, diagnosis, and treatment planning, which includes: trauma, wounds, and conditions of soft tissue, including aspiration,

    biopsy, and repair, etc．

4.Doctor Steward

    Doctor Steward is a clinical psychologist, who is trained and educated to perform psychological research, testing, and therapy．Clinical psychologists may simply, but importantly, provide an opportunity to talk and think about things that are confusing and worrying．They would also discuss with you different ways of understanding or interpreting your problems or situations．Clinical psychologists are trained to use a range of different approaches aimed to help you become more expert about yourself, and more able to overcome or cope with life problems．

5.Doctor Lisa

    Doctor Lisa is an excellent school consultant．Educational consultants counsel students and their families in the selection of programs, schools and treatment centers, based on the student’s individual needs．When students graduate from high school, some of them want to continue their study; they may be not sure which university is more appropriate for them, or what subject they will choose．In that case, most of them will turn to their educational consultants．

请阅读以下相关信息，然后匹配他/她拟要咨询的相关专家或医生。

A．Tom’s mother is worried because Tom’s wounded this morning when he jumped off the speeding bicycle．The soft tissue of his right leg was broken．

B．Alex is going to take a course of computer．But he is not sure whether this course will be useful when he goes to the university．

C．Mummy is unhappy because she feels painful when she bites into something cold or hot．Her teeth are really a trouble to her．

D．Mary’s younger brother Tim, who is 8 years old, felt uncomfortable, because he had eaten too much ice-cream．

E． Lily wants to visit some places of interests during the long holiday．But she doesn’t know where to go and how to have a good tour and not waste money．

F． Lee is really frustrated nowadays．He doesn’t know why other students don’t want to speak to him．What’s wrong? It seems that he can never get out of it ．He gets angry easily recently．He wants to talk to someone to get out of it．

 

Last year, Jack Bleed cut through the bone of his ring finger while working. The 31-year-old resident of North Little Rock, Arkansas, waited for about six hours at a nearby medical center while the medical staff there called all over town — even as far away as Dallas and Memphis — to find a hand surgeon to reattach his finger. Finally, a willing doctor was located in Louisville, Kentucky. But even though Bleed had insurance(保险), he would have to hire a private plane to get himself there, at a cost of $4,300. In the end, he charged the cost to two credit cards, and his finger was saved. His insurance company eventually covered the cost of the plane, but his experience makes people aware of the fact that trauma(外伤) care in the United States is not only geographically limited, but in many places, non-existent.

Only eight states — New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Illinois, New Mexico, California, Oregon, and Washington — have local, fully functional trauma systems. The remaining states have partial systems, and 12 — including Arkansas — have no trauma system at all.

Although the President has signed a bill of $12 million for the purpose of supporting trauma care systems nationwide, many in Congress(国会) are unwilling to spend government money for a service they think should be paid for by states, says Wayne Meredith, medical director for trauma programs at the American College of Surgeons. Meanwhile, many states have also failed to find the dollars to support trauma systems. To make matters worse, many people without insurance depend heavily on the emergency care services, placing a huge financial burden on the medical centers that serve them.

For the same reason, doctors, too, often go unpaid. They are unwilling to perform emergency care, worsening critical shortages of neurosurgeons, orthopedists, and hand surgeons — the very types of specialists Bleed needed at short notice.

Supporting a trauma care system doesn’t take much. A half-penny sales tax in Miami-Dade County makes its outstanding system work. In Arkansas alone, says Wayne Meredith, a well-funded trauma system would possibly prevent 200 to 600 deaths each year. If trauma care systems were to work well across the nation, experts say, many thousands of lives each year could be saved. “You don’t get much better return on your investment than that,” Meredith says.

1.

 In Paragraph 1, the writer uses Bleed’s case to ______.

A. make a comparison                 B. describe a person

C. introduce a topic                     D. tell a story

2.

 Many people in Congress argue that trauma care systems should be supported by ______.

A. the President                         B. each state

C. insurance companies                   D. the US government

3.

The example of Miami-Dade County shows that ______.

A. its tax policy is admirable              

B. running a trauma system is profitable

C. a trauma system is not expensive     

D. sales tax is not heavy in small counties

4.

Why are the present trauma care systems in some states not satisfactory?

A. They are shared by all the states.           

B. They are short of financial support.

C. The doctors are not well trained.        

D. The hospitals can’t provide low-cost services.

 

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