Question

阅读理解 　　If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training．A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training． 　　That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers．At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement．Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience． 　　But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off．Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval．The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years． 　　As further evidence of the erosion(销蚀)of corporate(公司的)faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices．Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management．“They want someone who isn’t constrained(限制)by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, ” says Scheetz． 　　This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate．Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have：writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems．David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things, ” says Birch．Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior-plus a computer course or two．With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize．“A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace, ” says Scheetz． (1) What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market? [　　] A． Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities． B． People with an MBA degree from top universities． C． People with formal schooling plus work experience． D． People with special training in engineering． (2) By saying “…but the impact of a degree washes out after five years”(Line 5, Para．3), the author means ________． [　　] A． most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation B． an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions C． MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are now D． in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got (3) According to Scheetz’s statement(Lines 4～5．Para．4), companies prefer ________． [　　] A． people who have a strategic mind B． people who are talented in fine arts C． people who are ambitious and aggressive D． people who have received training in mechanics (4) David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________． [　　] A． they are more capable of handling changing situations B． they can stick to established ways of solving problems C． they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields D． they have attended special programs in management (5) Which of the following statements does the author support? [　　] A． Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists． B． Formal schooling is less important than job training． C． On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly． D． Generalists will outdo specialists in management．

Answer 1

答案：1．C;2．B;3．A;4．A;5．D;
解析：

(1)	从全篇来看，市场上需求时的人才是那些接受过正规教育又有工作经验的人。文章第二段最后一句话也明确指出这类人尤其受大公司欢迎。schooling指学校教育。
(2)	本题需要联系上下文来选择。上文说“The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially…”工商管理硕士可以找到工作并且开始时要求较高的薪水，但是“学位的影响力在5年后会消失”。后面紧接着说“As further evidence of the erosion(销蚀)of corporate(公司的)faith in specialized degrees，Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices．Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires，they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management．”我们主要看后面一句话：“虽然公司在招募新人时更多地要专才，但对于中层和高层经理岗位，他们更多地要通才。所以工商管理硕士学位能够帮助人们进入公司，但过几年后无法帮助人们进入管理层，与B选项“工商管理硕士学位不能帮助持有者进入管理层”意思一致。
(3)	文章第四段最后一句话“公司需要那些不被细枝末节束缚的人，他们的视野更开阔”说明公司需要的是有战略眼光的人。
(4)	从Birch的话可以看出，他认为文科毕业生做事比较灵活。canned指“千篇一律的，刻板的”；less-than-canned指“不那么刻板的，灵活机动的”。
(5)	这道题需要考生排除掉作者不同意的观点，而选出作者支持的观点。通篇来看，作者借别人之口阐述了他的看法：即管理职位应该给那些受过各方面教育的通才。