阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项中.选出最佳选项. Humans are social animals．They live in groups all over the world．As these groups of people live apart from other groups, over the years and centuries they develop the 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Humans are social animals．They live in groups all over the world．As these groups of people live apart from other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which form different cultures．One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time．

　　Time is not very important in non industrial societies．The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time．The daily lives of the people of such non industrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule(时间表)based on the clock．They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down．They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe．They measure time not by a clock or calendar(日历), but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event．Frequently such a society measures day in terms of “sleeps ”or longer periods in terms of “moons”．Some cultures, such as the Eakinos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration of certain animals．

　　Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of “telling time”．For example, when several Australian aborigines want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree．Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly．In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way．When this happens, the people see that the agreed - upon time has arrived and the event can take place．

　　In contrast (成对比), exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, in detribalized societies．This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work．For a factory to work efficiently (well, quickly and without waste), for example , all of the workers must work at the same time, Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon．Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart．Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends．Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers．Complicated (复杂的)societies need clocks and calendars．Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all．

(1)

By saying “Humans are social animals”, the author means ________．
[　　]
A．	they live all over the world．
B．	they are different from other animals
C．	they live in one place, district or country, considered as a whole
D．	they are divided into many groups

(2)

Time is not very important in non industrial societies．This is because people in those societies ________．
[　　]
A．	don’t have the word TIME in their languages
B．	don’t get used to using clocks and other timepieces
C．	don’t measure time in their daily lives
D．	don’t need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule

(3)

The Australian aborigines’ way of “telling time” is based on ________．
[　　]
A．	the change of the sun rays
B．	the movement of the earth in relation to the sun
C．	the position of the stone
D．	the position of the tree or the cliff

(4)

Which of the following night be the best title for this passage?
[　　]
A．	Time and Culture
B．	The Measurement of Time
C．	Time schedule and Daily Life
D．	Clock, Calendar and Society

答案：1．C;2．D;3．A;4．A;
提示：

(1)	提示：从第一段“They live in groups all over the world”可知。
(2)	提示：从第二段第三句可知。
(3)	提示：从第三段“Each day the angle of the sun changes…the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place”可知。
(4)	提示：从文意可知。

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阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。

One night recently, I was driving down a two-lane highway at about 60 miles an hour. A car approached from the opposite direction at about the same speed. As we passed each other, I caught the other driver’s eye for only a second. I wondered whether he might be thinking, as I was, how dependent we were on each other at that moment. I was relying on him not to fall asleep, not to be put off by a phone conversation, not to cross over into my lane and bring my life to a sudden end. Though we had never spoken a word to each other, he relied on me in just the same way.

Multiplied a million times over, I believe that is the way the world works. At some level, we all depend upon one another. Sometimes that dependence requires us simply not to do something like crossing over the double yellow line. And sometimes it requires us to act cooperatively, with friends or even with strangers.

As technology shrinks our world, the need increases for cooperative action among nations. In 2003, doctors in five nations were quickly organized to identify the SARS virus, which saved thousands of lives. The threat of international terrorism has shown itself to be a similar problem, one requiring team action by police and intelligence forces across the world. We must recognize that our fates are not ours alone to control.

In my own life, I’ve put great stock in personal responsibility. But, as time has passed, I’ve also come to believe that there are moments when one must rely upon the good faith and judgment of others. so, while each of us faces the case of driving alone down a dark road, what we must learn is that the approaching light may not be a threat, but a shared moment of trust.

The author considers it very important ______.

A. to drive with a company B. to have personal independence

C. to gain certain responsibility D. to share trust and cooperation

The author said that they depended on each other in the same way because ______.

A. the approaching car was very dangerous

B. they both drove their car at a terrific speed

C. he might be killed out of the other’s careless driving

D. it was dark and the road was not wide enough

From the second paragraph, we know the author drew the important lesson from ______.

A. only one experience B. many similar experiences

C. a driver on a dark road D. many friends and strangers

The need for cooperation increases because ______.

A. peoples’ fates can’t be controlled by themselves

B. certain viruses can spread in a quick way

C. terrorism can happen everywhere and every day

D. the world has become much more dangerous

We can infer from the last paragraph that the author has ______.

A. believed in one’s own personal responsibility

B. counted upon himself alone in everything

C. had no trust in others’ good faith and judgment

D. had accomplished a change on his viewpoint of life

第三部分　阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分, 满分40分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中, 选出最佳选项。
A
While researchers have long shown that tall people earn more than their shorter counterparts, it's not only social discrimination that accounts for this inequality -- tall people are just smarter than their height-challenged peers, a new study finds.
"As early as age three -- before schooling has had a chance to play a role -- and throughout childhood, taller children perform significantly better on cognitive tests," wrote Anne Case and Christina Paxson of Princeton University in a paper published by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
The findings were based primarily on two British studies that followed children born in 1958 and 1970, respectively, through adulthood and a U.S. study on height and occupational choice.
Other studies have pointed to low self-esteem, better health that accompanies greater height, and social discrimination as culprits(罪犯) for lower pay for shorter people.
But researchers Case and Paxson believe the height advantage in the job world is more than just a question of image.
"As adults, taller individuals are more likely to select into higher paying occupations that require more advanced verbal and numerical skills and greater intelligence, for which they earn handsome returns," they wrote.
For both men and women in the United States and the United Kingdom, a height advantage of four inches equated with a 10 percent increase in wages on average.
But the researchers said the differences in performance crop up long before the tall people enter the job force. Prenatal care(产前护理) and the time between birth and the age of 3 are critical periods for determining future cognitive ability and height.
"Prenatal care and prenatal nutrition are just incredibly important, even more so than we already knew," Case said in an interview.
Since the study's data only included populations in the United Kingdom and the United States, the findings could not be applied to other regions, Case said.
And how tall are the researchers?
They are both about 5 feet 8 inches tall, well above the average height of 5 feet 4 inches for American women.
51. What can be learnt from the study of Anne Case and Christina Paxson is that ______.
A. the reason for lower pay for shorter people is social discrimination
B. taller children perform significantly better on cognitive test
C. tall people earn more than shorter counterparts
D. prenatal care and prenatal nutrition are less important than we already knew
52. Which period is the most important for determining future cognitive ability and height?
A. between age 3 and schooling         B. between birth and the age of 3
C. the whole childhood                   D. between 1958 and 1970
53. The underlined phrase “crop up” in the Eighth Paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. get in       B. rise up        C. come up       D. stand up
54. The best title for this passage would be _______.
A. Tall people earn more than shorter counterparts
B. A study on height and occupational choice
C. The difference between tall people and short people
D. Taller people are smarter

第四节：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Science Daily -------- Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean（地下的）and above ground herbivorous（食草的）insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. Thus, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already “ occupied”.
In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean residents and vice versa（反之亦然）. It seems that a system has developed through natural selection, which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.
Through the “green telephone lines”, subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely caterpillars（毛虫）. Parasitic wasps（寄生的黄蜂）lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, The communication between subterranean and aboveground It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is.
This research was carried out at the Netherlands Institute for Ecology by Roxina Soler, Jeffrey Harvey, Martijn Bezemer, Wim van der Putten and Louise Vet. was funded by the Free Competition of NOW Earth and Life Sciences.
41. After finding a plant occupied by root-eating insects, aboveground insects will usually ________.
A. send out warning signals
B. choose to leave the plant
C. fight with the root-eating insects
D. compete with them for the same plant
42. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if their food plants _______.
A. have more green leaves
B. get more water and sunlight
C. are often visited by parasitic wasps
D. are not occupied by root-eating insects
43. The underlined part “a third party” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. caterpillars B. root-eating insects
C. parasitic wasps D. aboveground insects
44. What is the best title for the passage ?
A. Insects use plants as “telephones”
B. How do animals avoid competition
C. The living habit of different insects
D. Communication between different insects

第三部分：阅读理解（每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节：阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项标号涂黑。
A
Mr. Hart, a London taxi driver, has a new black taxi. With his taxi, he hurries through the busy streets every day.
One day when he was having a short rest, a young man jumped into his taxi. "To the station as fast as you can," shouted the man in a very unfriendly way. "My train leaves at three o'clock." Mr. Hart did his best, but there was a lot of traffic. At every corner there was a red light. "Hurry up, man! I don't want to miss my train," said the young man. "And I don't want to have an accident," replied Mr. Hart quickly. While he was driving, Mr. Hart suddenly recognized the man's face. He was a thief. The police were looking for him. His picture was in the newspapers. Mr. Hart raced through the street and drove through red lights. Soon there was a police car behind him. Mr. Hart raced on until he reached the station. He stopped in front of the station at two minutes to three, and the young man quickly jumped out of the taxi.
"Stop! Stop!" cried Mr. Hart. At that moment the police car stopped, too. "Quick! He is the thief!" shouted Mr. Hart. Two policemen rushed into the station. Three minutes later they returned with the young man. "Well done!" a policeman said to Mr. Hart as they were taking the thief to the police car.
56. The young man wanted to________.
A. go back home by train              B. drive through the busy street
C. take the 3:00 train to London         D. leave London as soon as possible
57. How did Mr. Hart know that the young man was a thief?
A. He had never met such a rude person as the young man.
B. He had seen the young man's picture in the newspapers.
C. The police told him something about the young man.
D. The young man was trying to run away.
58. Mr. Hart raced through the street and drove through red lights so that ________.
A. he could drive faster than the police car          B. he could reach the station on time
C. he could get the attention of the policemen       D. he could go home earlier than usual
59. Where did the policemen catch the young man?
A. In Mr. Hart's taxi.   B. In the station.     C. In the street.   D. At the corner.

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

请阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项的标号涂黑。

May 16th Wednesday Sunny

They used to call her “the witch（女巫）”, but today I found things were different.

My legs were too short to reach the floor from up there on the big chair. I was so afraid. My legs started to shake.

It was the first time I had been to the principal’s（校长的） office. And I knew what she was going to ask me.

Why had I been running on the concrete（混凝土） in the playground? Why hadn’t I followed the school rules?

The principal’s secretary was sitting at her desk. She kept asking me questions like whether I liked school and what grade I was in. I didn’t want to talk to her, so I just gave one-word answers.

Then she asked what my dad did. But I didn’t really know what he did, so I made something up. “He plays basketball for the Boston Celtics,” I said.

The secretary just looked at me, and said nothing more.

Just then, the door to the principal’s office opened. There she was, the woman that everyone called “the witch”.

Was she really that bad? I was surprised to see her office walls were bright yellow, and there were some nice pictures on the desk.

She told me about the pictures. I was surprised that she had a family and a kid, just like me.

Then she asked how my family was. It turned out that she had known me since I was only a few weeks old. I was happy to hear that. If she knew my mum, then I wouldn’t get into much trouble.

She cleaned the cut on my knee and told me to be more careful. She also told me about the rules of the playground. But she didn’t punish or shout at me. And I forgot all the bad things I had heard about “the witch”. I had met her and I knew she was nice.

1．“The witch” in the story refers to _______.

A. the writer B. the writer’s father C. the secretary D. the principal

2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The writer often asked the principal for help.

　 B. The principal must be very strict with students.

　 C. Running in the playground was allowed by the school rules.

　 D. The writer’s father was an excellent basketball player.

3．Which word can replace the underlined phrase “made up” (in Paragraph 6)?

　 A. Told. B. Invented. C. Minded. D. Memorized.

4. How did the writer find the principal in the end?

　 A. Terrible. B. Kind. C. Proud. D. Strict.

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