Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of introduced the idea in 1953 aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks． A．them; when B．which; that C．题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of _______ introduced the idea in 1953 _______ aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks．

A．them; when B．which; that C．what; that D．which; when

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“The world’s oceans are slowly getting more acidic．” say scientists．The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere．

The lowering of the waters’ pH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn．Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature．Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater．Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid．Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century．

These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change．“This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere,” said Dr Caldeira．“And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed（超过） anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare disastrous events such as asteroid（小行星） impacts．

However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life．Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life forms may be more sensitive to pH changes．Coral reefs（珊瑚礁） and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） may be particularly affected if the water’s acidity levels keep going up, the team predict．They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH．

In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power station in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming．But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered．“Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing --- because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2 is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming．”

The ocean is becoming more acidic due to __________．

A．the higher level of CO2 in the air B．the warming atmosphere

C．the increasing use of oil fuels D． the lower water pH value

According to Dr Caldeira, __________．

A．more oil fuels will be used in the near future

B．ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing

C．the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious

D．scientists may predict climate changes with computer models

If the water’s acidity level keeps rising, __________．

A．the waters’ pH value will become higher and higher

B．some disastrous events will occur more often than before

C．organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to pH changes

D．ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected

Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce __________．

A．the CO2 absorbed by the ocean B．the amount of greenhouse warming

C．the acidity of the ocean D．the gradual release of CO2

The purpose of this passage is to __________．

A．show people the findings of a research team

B．introduce Dr Caldeira and his team’s research

C．warn people of the higher level of CO2

D．inform people of how acid the ocean is now

第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Man Named Lawrence
This is an act of kindness that happened to me one Sunday morning.
It was at two o’clock in the morning. We just came out of a club and were trying to find our   36   back to our city. As we were trying to   37   the bus stop, a man came to us and said he would show us   38   it was. Although we were a little worried, we had no choice but follow him. He told us he was a homeless man and that his name was Lawrence.
When we passed some city workers   40 the streets, they sprayed (喷溅) the homeless man. Lawrence told us that they always sprayed the   41   if they were "in the way". I didn’t know why they would do that. They were human beings,   42 , not cattle or objects.
This man had just gotten   43 in the middle of a cold night, but 44 shouting at the workers, he asked them, "How would you   45 if your father or grandfather were treated like this?" He then told us, "It’s   46 use shouting at them, because they just get angry. You’re better off saying something from the   47 ."
It is   48 ! The world could be so different if only we put our anger 49 , lowered our voices and tried to speak from our hearts.
He took us safely to the stop and on the way talked about everything. We   50 him and told him that we   51 have never found the place on our own. He said, "I have a son of your age, and I hope that if he were   52 , someone would help him."
Not only did Lawrence clear out all the fear and distrust in our hearts, he helped us find our way, in more than one ways.   53 , this man taught us kindness. There was   54 we could really do to repay him. The only thing I hope to do is to   55 other people out.
36．A．way B．car    C．friend       D．road
37．A．get to       B．find   C．search for D．arrive
38．A．how B．what C．which       D．where
39．A．interested B．annoyed    C．worried    D．disappointed
40．A．wondering on   B．washing    C．painting for      D．decorating
41．A．blacks      B．whites      C．strangers   D．homeless
42．A．above all B．in all C．after all    D．not at all
43．A．wet B．angry       C．sad    D．cold
44．A．except for B．shortly after     C．instead of D．owing to
45．A．think B．feel   C．tell    D．say
46．A．no use      B．no point    C．no need    D．no fun
47．A．corners     B．eyes C．bottom     D．heart
48．A．good B．beautiful   C．true   D．funny
49．A．aside B．off    C．down D．up
50．A．left   B．thanked    C．paid D．brought
51．A．should      B．could C．must D．need
52．A．waited for B．taken in    C．lost   D．missed
53．A．On the contrary       B．On the other hand    C．What’s up D．What’s more
54．A．something B．anything   C．everything       D．nothing
55．A．help B．work C．pay   D．check

Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 ________ aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood.

A．when B．where C．that D．which

“Who is that?” When watching the movie, Silver Linings Playbook, at the Toronto International Film Festival in early September, the woman sitting next asked me.

It seemed to be a strange question. I wanted to ask if she ever saw a little movie called The Hunger Games, or the Oscar-nominated movie Winter’s Bone. Instead, I just answered, “Jennifer Lawrence.” But I wondered how a moviegoer does not recognize Lawrence! As Silver Linings Playbook continued to unfold and Lawrence revealed herself as a wonderful comic actress, it hit me: this woman probably has never seen Jennifer Lawrence smile before. That is the thing throwing her.

Audiences will have the opportunity to watch Lawrence’s performance in Silver Linings Playbook when the film opens in limited release before a Thanksgiving weekend blowout expansion. The 22-year-old actress heads this year’s lead actress Oscar race by a country mile. Here’s an early main list of some competitors in this category.

1. Jennifer Lawrence in Silver Linings Playbook

2. Quvenzhane Wallis in Beasts of the Southern Wild

3. Marion Cotillard in Rust and Bone

3. Helen Mirren in Hitchcock

5. Emmanuelle Riva in Amour

6. Jessica Chastain in Zero Dark Thirty

Chastain, playing a CIA agent in Kathryn Bigelow’s Zero Dark Thirty, is the wild card here and, quite possibly, the only candidate capable of replacing Lawrence from the top spot. The cruelty in Rust and Bone will put off sensitive academy members, making Cotillard lose chances for a second Oscar. Wallis makes for a wonderful story, but it is too early for her to be awarded a lead actress. Riva will need a push to win the nomination of lead actress.

Mirren, as the Alfred Hitchcock’s wife and unsung partner, Alma Reville, might pose the biggest threat to Lawrence. Older academy members will love the historical Hollywood seen in Hitchcock, and Mirren’s role as the unsung wind beneath Hitch’s wings should find appreciation within creative circles. It’s not “The Queen”. but this year, it might be enough.

1. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To introduce Silver Linings Playbook

B．To get us out of the topic.

C．To tell us a specific story

D．To bring out the topic of the passage

2. The underlined sentence implies that ?

A．Jennifer Lawrence doesn’t like smile.

B．Jennifer Lawrence’s smile can impress you all greatly.

C．The woman has never seen comic films featured by Jennifer Lawrence.

D．The woman hates to see Jennifer Lawrence’s films.

3. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?

A．Cotillard once won the best actress Oscar.

B．Jennifer Lawrence was nominated because of The Hunger Games.

C．Mirren is the only one who can take the place of Jennifer Lawrence.

D．We cannot see the film Silver Linings Playbook before Thanksgiving.

4.According to the last two paragraphs, who are likely to replace Jennifer Lawrence to become the best actress?

a.Quvenzhane Wallis b.Marion Cotillard c.Helen Mirren

d.Emmanuelle Riva e. Jessica Chastain f. Alma Reville

A．c, e B．a ,c ,f C．d, f D．c, e, f

5.The most suitable title of the passage is ?

A．Silver Linings Playbook, the best movie

B．A 22-year-old actress

C．My favorite movie

D．Jennifer Lawrence takes the lead

ALBANY，New York—Students who rely on working at night to improve their

grades might want to sleep on that strategy: A new survey in the US says those who never study all night have slightly higher grades than those who do.

A survey of 120 students at St.Lawrence University found that students who had never pulled an allnighter on average had higher grades than those who had. The survey found those who did not study through the night had a grade point average of 3.2 compared to 2.95 for those who did.

The study, by assistant professor of psychology Pamela Thacher, is to be included in the January issue of Behavioral Sleep Medicine.

“It's not a big difference，but it's pretty striking, ” Thacher said, “I am primarily a sleep researcher and I know nobody thinks clearly at 4∶00 in the morning. You think you can do，but you can't.”

Many college students, of course, have inadequate or irregular sleep, for reasons ranging from excessive caffeine to poor time management.

“A lot of students were under the impression that allnighters were a very useful tool for accomplishing work, and that caffeine intake was very useful in meeting deadlines and stuff like that, ”said Mr Chatani, who had a 3.4 grade point average last term.

Dr Howard Weiss, a physician at St.Peter's Sleep Center in Albany, said the study results made sense.

“Certainly that data is out there showing that short sleep duration absolutely interferes with concentration and performance on objective testing, ”he said.

“Some night owls do get good grades, of course，which may be explained by circadian (昼夜节律的，生理节奏的) rhythms, ”Weiss said, “Some people have different 24hour body clocks from others, and may do better depending on classes and testing time.”

63.The purpose of the passage is to tell us 　　　　

A. the bad effects of pulling an allnighter

B. pulling an allnighter leads to sleep problems

C. Thacher's doubt about allnighters

D. allnighters influence students' grades

64. According to Thacher's study，around 4 o'clock in the morning is a time when 　　　　.

A. one can think more clearly

B. one has his/her best memory

C. one can't learn efficiently

D. one's brain falls into a period of deep sleep

65.What can we know from Dr Howard Weiss' words？

A. Thacher's study is not convincing enough.

B. He believes in Thacher's study.

C. Thacher's study makes no sense.

D. Thacher should take exceptions into consideration.

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