(2013·高考浙江卷)If we leave right away. we’ll arrive on time.A．hopefully B．curiouslyC．occasionally D．gradually 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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(2013·高考浙江卷)If we leave right away，________we’ll arrive on time.

A．hopefully B．curiously

C．occasionally D．gradually

【解析】选A。题干的意思是：“如果我们马上出发，我们将有望按时到达。”hopefully有希望地；curiously好奇地；occasionally偶尔地；gradually逐渐地。由题干意思可知正确答案为A项。

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Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.

Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.

The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.

The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

1. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

A. Places where people lived. B. People’s characters.

C. Talents that people possessed. D. People’s occupations.

2. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.

A. owned or drove a cart B. made things with metals

C. made kitchen tools or contains D. built houses and furniture

3.Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.

A. Beatrice Smith B. Leonard Carter

C. George Longstreet D. Donald Greenwood

4. The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _____

A. later generations B. friends and relatives

C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors

His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.

“You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”

“But the Solar System! ” I protested.

“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.

One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.

Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.

“From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”

This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.

1. What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?

[A]Praising.

[B]Critical.

[C]Ironical.

[D]Distaste.

2. What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?

[A]By deduction.

[B]By explanation.

[C]By contrast.

[D]By analysis.

3. What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?

[A]Learning what every body learned.

[B]Learning what was useful to you.

[C]Learning whatever you came across.

[D]Learning what was different to you.

4. What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?

[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.

[B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.

[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.

[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.

Vocabulary

1.Thomas Carlyle 托马斯?卡莱尔 1795-1881美国作家、历史家、哲学家

2.jumble (up) 搞乱，使混乱

3.lay hand on (upon) sth. 抓住，找到

4.at best 最好的情况下

5.elbow out (off) 用胳膊肘挤出，推出

6.deuce = devil what the deuce is it to me?

这里表示福尔摩斯的厌恶心理。

义：这倒霉的词儿与我有什么关系？

7.while away the time 消磨/打发时间

8.shrewdness 机敏，敏锐，犀利

9.far-fetched 牵强附会，不自然

10.fathom 看穿/透，推测，探索

11.infallible 一贯正确

12.uninitiated 对某事无知的

13.Euclid 欧几里德（古希腊数学家）

14.necromancer 巫师

Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.

Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did

It best .Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned

Most quickly to baseline heart rates .With pets in the room ,people also made fewer math mistakes

Than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more released (放松)around

Pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.

A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwesterm Memorial Hospital spent a

Year studying 36 fat people and were put on a diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of

56 fat people without pets were put on a diet program. On average，people lost about 11 pounds，

Or 5% of their body weight .Their dogs did even better，losing an average of 12 pounds，more then

15%of their body weight .Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but ,say

Researchers，got more exercise overall –mostly with their dogs –and found it worth doing.

1. What does the text mainly discuss?

A．What pets bring to their owners

B．How pets help people calm down

C．people’s opinions of keeping pets

D．Pet’s value in medical research

2.We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if

____________

A．he has a pet companion

B．he has less stress of work

C．he often dose mental arithmetic

D．he is taken care of by his family

3.According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?

A．They have lower blood pressure.

B．They become more patient.

C．They are less nervous.

D．They are in higher spirits.

4. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that

A．people with dogs did more exercise

B．dogs lost the same weight as people did

C．dogs liked exercise much more than people did

D．people without dogs found the program unhelpful

(2013·高考湖北卷)People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often________rather than based on fixed criteria.

A．appropriate B．conscious

C．arbitrary D．controversial

(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It may not be a great suggestion.But before________is put forward，We’ll make do with it.

A．a good one 　　　　　B．a better one

C．the best one D．a best one

(2013·高考辽宁卷)One can always manage to do more things，no matter________full one’s schedule is in life.

A．how B．what

C．when D．where

Planning a visit to the UK? Here we help with ways to cut your costs.

AVOID BIG EVENTS　Big sporting events，concerts and exhibitions can increase the cost of accommodation and make it harder to find a room.A standard double room at the Thistle Brighton on the final Friday of the Brighton Comedy Festival (19 Oct.) cost￡169.15 at Booking.com.A week later，the same room cost￡118.15.

If you can be flexible and want to know dates to avoid－or you’re looking for a big event to pass your time－check out sites such as Whatsonwhen.com，which allow you to search for events in the UK by city，date and category.

STAY AWAY FROM THE STATION　If traveling to your destination by train，you may want to find a good base close to the station，but you could end up paying more for the sake of convenience at the start of your holiday.

Don’t be too choosy about the part of town you stay in.Booking two months in advance，the cheapest room at Travelodge’s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was￡95.95.A room just a tube journey away at its Covent Garden hotel was￡75.75.And at Farringdon，a double room cost just￡62.95.

LOOK AFTER YOURSELF　Really central hotels in cities such as London，Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune，especially at weekends and during big events.As an alternative consider checking into a self?catering flat with its own kitchen.Often these flats are hidden away on the top floors of city centre buildings.A great example is the historic O’Neill Flat on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile，available for￡420 for five days in late September，with room for four adults.

GET ON A BIKE　London’s ‘Boris bikes’ have attracted the most attention，but other cities also have similar programmes that let you rent a bicycle and explore at your own pace，saving you on public transport or car parking costs.

Among the smaller cities with their own programmes are Newcastle (casual members pay around￡1.50 for two hours) and Cardiff (free for up to 30 minutes，or￡5 per day)．

1.The Brighton Comedy Festival is mentioned mainly to show big events may________.

A．help travelers pass time

B．attract lots of travelers to the UK

C．allow travelers to make flexible plans

D．cause travelers to pay more for accommodation

2.“Farringdon”in Paragraph 5 is most probably________.

A．a hotel away from the train station

B．the tube line to Covent Garden

C．an ideal holiday destination

D．the name of a travel agency

3.The passage shows that the O’Neill Flat________.

A．lies on the ground floor

B．is located in central London

C．provides cooking facilities for tourists

D．costs over￡100 on average per day in late September

4.Cardiff’s program allows a free bike for a maximum period of________.

A．half an hour

B．one hour

C．one hour and a half

D．two hours

5.The main purpose of the passage is________.

A．to tell visitors how to book in advance

B．to supply visitors with hotel information

C．to show visitors the importance of self?help

D．to offer visitors some money?saving tips

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