题目内容

Jessica never dreams of ________ a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon by the university.


  1. A.
    there being
  2. B.
    there to be
  3. C.
    there having
  4. D.
    there to have
A
dream of doing sth．梦想/渴望做某事，用于否定句表示“做梦也没想到”或“从未想到”。本句中of的宾语为一个there be句型，应用there being的形式。
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People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative （合作的）and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought （学派）on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy（argument) is often referred to as “nature and nurture（教育）”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme(走极端）, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts（本能）.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic（机械论的）; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli（刺激） as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching.In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites.Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

  1. 1.

    This passage is mainly concerned with             .

    1. A.
      relation between personality and behavior
    2. B.
      relation between behavior and environment
    3. C.
      different accounts of patterns of human behavior
    4. D.
      different theories of the formation of human behavior
  2. 2.

    The underlined word " proponents'' in paragraph 2 means          .

    1. A.
      creators
    2. B.
      advisors
    3. C.
      supporters
    4. D.
      judges
  3. 3.

    In paragraph 5 , the author mainly writes about          .

    1. A.
      the considerable（值得考虑的） influence of the two theories
    2. B.
      differences between the blacks and whites
    3. C.
      racial discrimination in the United States
    4. D.
      different responds to intelligence tests
  4. 4.

    What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

    1. A.
      To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.
    2. B.
      To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
    3. C.
      To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
    4. D.
      To present an argument in the field of social science.

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. We don’t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.
We make use of stereotypes as convenient ways to make quick judgments about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate, and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.
The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.
In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets other tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.
In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions, clothes, hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association

  1. 1.

    People walking in cities ignore the surroundings because ______.

    1. A.
      they do not wish to talk to other people
    2. B.
      everyone else is expressionless
    3. C.
      the environment is already familiar to them
    4. D.
      there is too much information to get
  2. 2.

    According to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they ______.

    1. A.
      are likely to lead us into dangerous situations
    2. B.
      may make us miss some pleasant experience
    3. C.
      can rarely be relied on
    4. D.
      make us mentally lazy
  3. 3.

    From the passage we may conclude that ______.

    1. A.
      stereotypes can help to understand people fully
    2. B.
      people are becoming more interested in fashion
    3. C.
      dressing can send messages about individuals
    4. D.
      stereotypes can do more harm than good to people
  4. 4.

    It would appear that in England, a person’s class ______.

    1. A.
      might be less important in making friends in a city
    2. B.
      is mainly determined by his pronunciation
    3. C.
      plays less of a role than it did in the past
    4. D.
      is something that can be changed easily

With a lot of problems ________, the president is very busy every day and hasn’t had a good rest．


  1. A.
    solving
  2. B.
    to solve
  3. C.
    solved
  4. D.
    having solved

Would you mind ________ me something about your studies?


  1. A.
    saying
  2. B.
    speaking
  3. C.
    telling
  4. D.
    talking

________ does the little boy eat in bed.


  1. A.
    Certainly
  2. B.
    Sometimes
  3. C.
    Seldom
  4. D.
    Once

We want him to retire（退休）but he won't ________ to it．


  1. A.
    accept
  2. B.
    receive
  3. C.
    agree
  4. D.
    allow

It was when she began to work ________ she realized the importance of learning English.


  1. A.
    until
  2. B.
    that
  3. C.
    then
  4. D.
    so

I don't like tea and she doesn't，________．


  1. A.
    neither
  2. B.
    either
  3. C.
    too
  4. D.
    also

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