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                                                              Marie Curie Biography
     Marie Curie, née Maria Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw on November 7,1867,the daughter of a secondary-school teacher. She received a general education in local schools and some scientific training from her father. She became involved in a students' revolutionary (革命的) organization and found it prudent (深谋远虑的) to
leave Warsaw, then in the part of Poland dominated by Russia, for Cracow, which at that time was under
Austrian rule. In 1891,she went to Paris to continue her studies at the Sorbonne where she obtained
Licentiateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences. She met Pierre Curie,professor in the School of
Physics, in 1894 and in the following year they were married. She succeeded her husband as Head of the
Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne, gained her Doctor of Science degree in 1903,and following the tragic (悲
剧的) death of Pierre Curie in 1906,she took his place as Professor of General Physics in the Faculty (系,院)
of Sciences, the first time a woman had held this position. She was also appointed (委派) Director of the Curie
Laboratory in the Radium Institute of the University of Paris, founded in 1914.
     Her early researches, together with her husband, were often performed under difficult conditions,
laboratory arrangements were poor and both had to undertake much teaching to earn a livelihood (生计).The
discovery of radioactivity (放射能) by Henri Becquerel in 1896 inspired the Curies in their brilliant (辉煌的)
researches and analyses (分析) which led to the isolation (分离) of polonium, named after the country of
Marie's birth, and radium. Marie Curie developed methods for the separation of radium from radioactive
residues(残渣) in sufficient (足够的)quantities to allow for its characterization and the careful study of its
properties, therapeutic (有疗效的) properties in particular.
     Quiet, dignified and unassuming, she was held in high esteem(尊敬)and admiration by scientists throughout
the world. She was a member of the Conseil du Physique Solvay from 1911 until her death and since 1922 she
had been a member of the Committee of Intellectual Co-operation of the League of Nations. Her work is
recorded in numerous papers in scientific journals.
     The importance of Marie. Curie's work is reflected in the numerous awards bestowed (给予) on her. She
received many honorary (光荣的) science, medicine and law degrees and honorary memberships of learned
societies throughout the world. Together with her husband she was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1903,for their study into the spontaneous (自然的) radiation discovered by Becquerel, who was
awarded the other half of the Prize. In 1911 she received a second Nobel Prize,this time in Chemistry, in
recognition (认可) of her work in radioactivity. She also received, jointly with her husband, the Davy Medal
(奖章) of the Royal Society in 1903 and, in 1921,President Harding of the United States, on behalf of the
women of America, presented her with one gram (克) of radium in recognition of her service to science.

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