Question

【题目】Directions : Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Environmental pollution kills 1. 7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.

The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO. 【1】 This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.

【2】 The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600, 000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.

Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. 【3】 And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.

Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.

【4】 The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions:

Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.

Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.

Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.

Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.

Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.

A. However, of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.

B. But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?

C. Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.

D. The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.

E. A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.

F. Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】F

【4】B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。全世界每年有170万5岁以下儿童死于环境污染。然而，在所有的环境污染物中，空气污染被称为最危险的。减少空气污染最重要的方法之一是生产更清洁的燃料用于烹饪和取暖。同时文章提供了一些个人可以避免家庭暴露在空气污染中的建议。

【1】根据下文This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.（这意味着提供安全用水和卫生设施，限制接触危险化学品，改善废物管理。）可知列举的都是改善环境的举措，可知减少环境风险可以防止此类死亡。故选D。

【2】根据下文The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year.（据世界卫生组织估计，空气污染约占全球空气污染的六分之一。每年有500万人过早死亡。）中的air pollution可对应到A选项中air pollution，表示“然而，在所有的环境污染物中，空气污染被称为最危险的。”代入符合语境。故选A。

【3】根据下文And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating.（减少空气污染最重要的方法之一是生产更清洁的燃料用于烹饪和取暖。）可推知这么做的原因是每个人都需要呼吸。其中F选项中she对应上文Maria Neira。故选F。

【4】根据下文The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions（美国环境保护局有以下建议:）为个人限制家庭接触空气污染的举措。可知选B。