题目内容

The earth's biosphere (the surface layer of the planet and the surrounding atmosphere) provides the land, air, water, and energy necessary to sustain life. This life-support system is a complex, interdependent one in which energy from the sun is changed into food for humans. The entire system depends on the sun, reasonably moderate temperature, and enough supplies of oxygen, pure water, and fertile soil.
Since the earth's creation millions of years ago, the ecosystem has worked as an interdependent system relatively undisturbed by outside forces. But recently, especially since the Industrial Revolution, human beings have begun to disturb the balance of nature. Natural resources have been severely depleted (消耗) (forests have been destroyed, fertile land worn away, water polluted, and minerals used up), and the life-support system of air, water, and land has been poisoned by a variety of waste products and chemicals.
The degree of these problems was noted in a report by the U.N. Developing Council on Environmental Quality. This report predicted that if present trends continue, the world will be more crowded and polluted and less stable ecologically and politically than the world we live in now.
The twin problems of resource shortages and pollution are caused by three social forces.  First, the tremendous increase in population growth constantly increases the demand for food, energy, and other products. As the current population continues to increase, the stress on an already overburdened environment will be increased．A second source of the problem is the concentration of people in urban areas, where the ecosystem simply cannot absorb their waste products. Finally, environmental problems are worsened as more and more nations move toward modem development: an increased reliance on modern technology. As these nations become more technological, they will consume more energy, deplete more natural resources, and create more waste products than the biosphere can absorb.
小题1:The life-support system is composed of _____.
A．air, water and landB．the earth, the sun and energy
C．food, land and energyD．food, energy and the sun
小题2:The life-support system _____.
A．change energy from the sun into food for humans
B．depends on the sun for enough supplies of air, water and land
C．exists in the surface layer of the earth and the surrounding atmosphere
D．is a complex but independent system
小题3:The life-support system has been badly damaged by _____.
A．natural forcesB．human activitiesC．social movements D．political changes
小题4:The passage mainly talks about _____.
A．the effects of Industrial Revolution on human beings
B．the importance of life-support system to human beings
C．the significance of balance of nature
D．the destruction of life-support system and its causes

小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:D
这是一篇环保类短文，本文讲叙的是：地球的生物圈提供了一种由土地、空气、水和能量组成的生命支持系统，这一系统将太阳能转化为人类的食物。
小题1:细节理解题。根据文章开头前两句，（the land, air, water, and energy necessary to sustain life）生命支持系统是由土地、空气、水和能量组成的。
小题2:细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句，（The entire system depends on the sun）生命支持系统是一个复杂的相互依赖的系统，在此系统中太阳能被转化为人类的食物。
小题3:归纳概括题。在第二段中提到，尤其工业革命后，人类开始扰乱自然界的平衡，自然资源大量枯竭，主要是通过排放废产品和化学物质。所有上述行为可归结为human activities。
小题4:主旨大意题。文章开头先讲了生命支持系统是什么，然后又讲了由于人类行为而造成的问题以及造成这些问题的三种社会力量，所以D项能概括这几层意思。
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My Experience in a Free School
At first I couldn't believe it! There were no __26  in rows; no bells rang; no one had to go to __27  . Although we all lived “in”, __28  made us go to bed at a certain time; there was no “lights out”.
The __29 thing was that practically all the students went to class, __30  very few people stayed up late at night. Only the new people stayed up or _31 class. The new ones always went wild __32, but this never lasted long. The __33 took some getting used to. Our teachers treated us like_34; never did we have to __35 “stand up”,“sit down”,“speak out”. I don't __36 one student who didn't try his best.
The subjects were the same as those in __37school, but what a difference in the approach(方式)! For example, in botany(植物学) we had __38  classes in the spring or fall, but instead we __39 [ZZ(Z)39two gardens, a vegetable garden and a flower garden. __40 in winter we each studied a few __41  things about what we had grown. In math the students built three different kinds of storerooms small ones __42 ,but usable. They did this instead of having lessons in the classroom. They really had a __43 time too, designing everything, drawing the blueprints, __44  the angles(角度) and so on. I didn't take __45 .I can't stand it! Besides, I could do the basic things with numbers. That's __46!
__47 I think I am a __48  person for having gone to the school. I can read and write as well as anyone else my age, and I can think  better. That's probably a real big __49   between the free school and regular school—the amount of __50.
26.A. desks          B. lights        C. students         D. buildings
27.A. home           B. bed           C. class            D. work 
28.A. anybody        B. nobody        C. teachers         D. parents
29.A. sad            B. last          C. good             D. strange 
30.A. and            B. but           C. so               D. yet 
31.A. attended       B. took          C. missed           D. studied 
32.A. from then on   B. at first      C. once more        D. just then 
33.A. freedom        B. habit         C. time             D. people 
34.A. workers       B. pupils         C. gardeners        D. grown?ups 
35.A. understand    B. study          C. play            D. say 
36.A. hear from     B. feel like      C. think about      D. know of 
37.A. night         B. regular        C. small            D. real 
38.A. all           B. short          C. no               D. indoor 
39.A. planted       B. studied        C. drew             D. toured 
40.A. Still         B. Then           C. Yet              D. Next 
41.A. wild          B. successful     C. usual            D. particular
42.A. as well       B. after a while  C. of course        D. as a result 
43.A. funny         B. great          C. convenient       D. thoughtful
44.A. looking out   B. taking out     C. finding out      D. figuring out 
45.A. math          B. care           C. botany           D. notice 
46.A. dull          B. interesting    C. enough           D. dangerous
47.A. On the whole  B. Once again     C. Sooner or later  D. After a while 
48.A. careful       B. better         C. busier           D. lovely 
49.A. problem       B. chance         C. difference       D. change
50.A. reading       B. gardening      C. teaching         D. thinking

　　Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods.
　　Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.
　　Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.
　　Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food with, and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.
　　This does not only mean that the villagers? sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees their roots break the soil up—allowing the rain to sink in and also hold the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert.
63. The purpose that the writer wrote this article for is ____ .
　A. to tell people that trees are very useful to man
　B. to warn people not to cut down trees any more
　C. to warn that man mustn't destroy forests any more
　D. to explain how trees help to prevent drought and floods
64. In the writer's opinion, ____ , or the forests slowly disappear.
　A. measure must be taken                      B. people shouldn't draw benefit from the tree
　C. government must realize the serious results      D. unless trees never be cut down
65. According to the article we know it is ____ to prevent the forests from slowly disappearing.
　A. necessary but impossible                    B. necessary but difficult
　C. impossible and unimportant                  D. difficult and impossible
66. In the last two paragraphs the writer wanted to make it clear that ____ .
　A. where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor
　B. where there are many trees, there are fewer floods
　C. where there are no trees, the land might become desert slowly
　D. floods will make the land become desert
Indians Refuse Higher Education
On June 17,1744, the officials from Maryland and Virginia held a talk with the Indians of the Six Nations． The Indians were invited to send boys to William and Mary College． In letter the next day they refused the offer as follows:
We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you． We are certain that you mean to do us good by your suggestion; and we thank you heartily． But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be displeased if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours． We have had some experience of it． Several of our young people were formerly brought up at the colleges of the northern provinces:
They were taught all your sciences; but, when they came back to us, they were bad manners, and they knew little of every means of living in the woods．．． they were totally good for nothing．
We are, however, not the less obliged for your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know, and make men of them．
59．The passage is about _______．
A．the talk between the Indians and the officials
B．the colleges of the northern provinces
C．the educational values of the Indians
D．the problems of the Americans in the mid-eighteenth century
60．The Indians’ chief purpose in writing the letter seems to be to______．
A．politely refuse a friendly offer
B．express their opinions on equal treatment
C．show their pride
D．describe Indian customs
61．Different from the officials’ view of education, the Indians thought______．
A．young women should also be educated
B．they had different objects of education
C．they taught different branches of science
D．they should teach the sons of the officials first
62．The mood of the letter as a whole is best described as ______．
A．angry      B．polite     C．pleasant       D．inquiring
The people below are all looking for a course on Chinese to study. Read the following information about the six courses. Decide which course would be the most suitable for the people mentioned in questions 61-65 and then mark the correct letter (A-F) on your answer sheet. You can choose any letter more than once, and some of the letters may not be chosen.
______1. Mathew majors in media and hopes to understand Chinese broadcasting and TV News and communicate with the Chinese people.
______ 2. Sarah is a Learner of Chinese with a fairly good knowledge of basic Chinese grammar and a vocabulary of 2500, hoping to improve her Chinese ability in speaking, reading and writing.
______ 3. Lois majors in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and hopes to improve her ability in translation.  
______ 4. Dennis once has taught himself Chinese and can speak a little Chinese but with poor pronunciation and grammar, hoping to meet the needs of everyday life and study, and understand each other in basic communication through training.
______ 5. Georgia specializes in the Chinese language and culture at the average. He plans to have a tour in China.
A．Comprehensive language skill training
100 lessons in total focusing on pronunciation, grammar and discourse (语段). To enable the learner to master the basic knowledge of the Chinese language, to have the basic ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing, so that they are able to communicate with others and to meet the needs of everyday life, study and socialty. This will lay a foundation for further study of Chinese.
B．Intermediate (中等) Chinese Comprehensive Course
40 lessons in all, focusing on the training of the comprehensive skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing of intermediate Chinese. To enable the students to recognize, understand and use the active and less active words, to improve their ability of expressing themselves in paragraphs and discourse, to master the new words, patterns, grammatical structures, paragraphs and discourse and means of connections so as to express the meaning of the texts correctly and fluently in paragraphs and discourse.
C．News Listening
Based on frequently used words, typical sentences and information and concentrating on improving the ability of listening comprehension. To improve the ability of collecting information, to grasp the knowledge and skills they have learned and to understand the broadcasting and TV news of similar themes and relevant level of difficulty with the correctness of 80%. To build up the foundation for further study.
D．Elementary English-Chinese Translation
25 classes in total, including various styles such as poems, popular science, political comments and news, about every aspect of everyday life. The texts vary from easy to difficult and combine theory with practice as well as translation and interpretation. About 185 hours are needed. To familiarize the learner with the equivalent (对应的) Chinese expressions of English. To enable them to know usage of Chinese and English words and sentences, cultural differences and the background knowledge.
E. Elementary Spoken Chinese in Business
24 units in all. Chinese words and expressions in business and trade are introduced in the form of vivid situational dialogues, notes and exercises. To enable the learner to master the words and expressions of elementary spoken business Chinese and to communicate with others in trade and business.
F. Chinese Human Geography
Introduction to geographic environment and cultural phenomena in various parts of China, such as natural features, historical backgrounds, religious sites, ancient battle fields, dramas and arts, traditional products, and special food, etc. Through the introduction to historical and cultural sites and scenery, the learner will have a general view about Chinese geography, history, culture and regional features.
Getting away for a short time always seems like a great idea — until you have to pack. But packing won’t be a problem if you keep in mind one simple rule. Whether you’ll be sleeping overnight at a friend’s house, or visiting a relative for a week, the rule is: pack light. Here are some tips to help you pack.

In the last 500 years, nothing about people — their clothes, ideas, or languages—has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree(可可树)by South American. Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Eu¬rope, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish peo¬ple starved when the crop failed during the "Potato Famine (饥荒)" of 1845—1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.
There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.
according to an. Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee, bush. He tried one and experienced the " wide-awake" feeling that one third of the world’s population now starts the day with.
1. according to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
A. Food.     B. Clothing.          C. Ideology.           D. Language.
2. The word "some" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to________.
A. some cocoa trees                  B. some chocolate drinks.
C. some shops                          D. some South American Indians
3. Thousands of Irish people starved during the " Potato Famine" because________
A. they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything else
B. they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America
C. the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes
D. the potato harvest was bad
4. according to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. One third of the world’s population drinks coffee.
B. Coffee is native to Colombia.
C. Coffee can keep one awake.
D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.
阅读下面短文，简要回答问题。
Baloney is a kind of sausage that many Americans eat often. The word also has another meaning in English. It is used to describe something—usually something someone says—that is false or wrong or foolish.
Baloney sausage comes from the name of the Italian city, Bologna. The city is famous for its sausage, a mixture of smoked, spiced meat from cows and pigs. But, boloney sausage does not taste the same as beef or pork alone.
Some language experts think this different taste is responsible for the birth of the expression baloney. Baloney is an idea or statement that is nothing like the truth...in the same way that baloney sausage tastes nothing like the meat that is used to make it.
Baloney is a word often used by politicians to describe the ideas of their opponents.
The expression has been used for years. Fifty years ago, a former governor of New York State, Alfred Smith, criticized some claims by President Franklin Roosevelt about the successes of the Roosevelt administration. Smith said, “No matter how thin you slice it, it is still baloney.”
A similar word has almost the same meaning as baloney. It even sounds almost the same. The word is blarney. It began in Ireland about 1600.
The lord of Blarney castle, near Cork, agreed to surrender the castle to British troops. But he kept making excuses for postponing the surrender. And, he made them sound like very good excuses, “this is just more of the same blarney.”
The Irish castle now is famous for its Blarney stone. Kissing the stone is thought to give a person special powers of speech. One who has kissed the Blarney stone, so the story goes, can speak words of praise so smoothly and sweetly that you believe them, even when you know they are false.
73.小题1:Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “baloney”.
                                                                  
74.小题2:According to Americans, what does baloney refer to? (回答词数不超过8个)
                                                                  
75.小题3:What do you know about the lord of Blarney castle, near Cork?  (回答词数不超过6个)
                                                                  
No one can believe that the over 6 300-kilometer long Great Wall might disappear some day.Believe it or not,the Great Wall is being destroyed by people.Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty is still perfect,but about 80 percent is in danger.The Great Wall can be called “great” mostly because of its amazing length.But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time.If we do nothing to save the Great Wall,it will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site.
The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2 000 years.It began in the rule of China’s first emperor,Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC～206 BC),and lasted into the Ming Dynasty.The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared.People are familiar with sections such as Badaling in Beijing and Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu because they have been open to tourists for many years.But those sections far away from the public eyes have been almost forgotten.
Few local people knew the 3-meter-high walls made of earth and stones beside them are part of the Great Wall.The lack of knowledge is considered as one of the main reasons behind human.
The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses,sheep corral(畜栏) and pigsties(猪圈).Some were taken away to build roads.Bricks carved with people’s names are put away as remembrance.Rubbish is spread over the battlements(城垛).The bricks can be sold for 15 yuan per tractor load.Those who destroyed and are destroying the Great Wall know its name,but are not clear about its cultural meaning.It will take a long time to let them know this.The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but dug out the entire base.
It is necessary to protect the Great Wall.First of all,the officials should be aware of theimportance of the Great Wall.Young Chinese should know more about the nation’s great civilization (文明)and learn to love it.
小题1:The main reason for which the Great Wall can be called“great”is__________.
A．it was made by brickB．it was very wide
C．it was very longD．it had a long history
小题2:Why does the author say the Great Wall might disappear?
A．It is useless from now on.B．It will be replaced by a new one.
C．Some parts of it are being destroyed.D．It’s too old to be used again.
小题3:The underlined part “those sections far away from the public eyes” refers to the parts of the Great Wall__________.
A．that are too difficult to understandB．nobody can watch
C．that are too far to been seenD．that are not well known to the public
小题4:What’s the main reason of the Great Wall’s being destroyed?
A．The local people are short of culture knowledge.
B．The local people need bricks and stones to build houses.
C．The local people think that the Great Wall is not important.
D．The local people are against the government.
Every human being has a unique① arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the case.
The ridge structure on a person’s fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one, which bears a reproduction of the original② pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed. Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.
Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer’s ink. They can by recorded easily. With special methods, identification③ can be achieved successfully within a short time. Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.
When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye. Special techniques are used to “develop” them. Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.
Notes:
①    unique  adj. 唯一的，独特的
②    original  adj. 最初的，原始的
③    identification  n. 辩认，鉴定
小题1: Scientists and experts have proved that the pattern of a human being’s finger skin ________.
A．is similar to his mother’s
B．is valuable to himself only
C．is like that of others with the same type of blood
D．is different from that of all others
小题2: If your fingers are wounded by knife, fire or other means, the structure of skin will ________.
A．be changed partlyB．be replaced by a different one
C．be the same when the wound is recoveredD．become ugly
小题3: Some criminals remove their own finger-prints by ________.
A．using printer’s inkB．injuring the inner skin
C．damaging the outer skin D．damaging the colour
小题4: Finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case because it ________.
A．is complicated but reliableB．is simple and not expensive
C．is expensive but easy to doD．can bring a lot of money

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