Question

Some nations think they must have more and more babies, more and more people, if they are to remain strong and free.
Actually, this is not so. Very often in history, small nations have conquered large ones. It’s not so much the size of the army as its organization and the technical level of its weapons. Thus, Greece took over Persia in the 300s B.C., Great Britain took over India in the 1700s, even though Persia and India had far bigger population than Greece and Great Britain.
If a nation wishes to avoid being dominated by its neighbors, its best chance is to raise its standard of living and its level of technology.This can be done best by not allowing its population to grow to such a point that it is sunk in misery and poverty. In fact, the worst way in which a nation can try to avoid being dominated by its neighbor is to increase its population to the point of misery and poverty.
If every nation tries to compete with its neighbors by raising its population, then the whole world will be sunk in misery and poverty. The nations will become weak in a disaster that will leave nothing behind that is worth dominating. No one will have gained anything. Everyone will have lost everything.
Once all this is understood, and people generally agree that population growth must not be allowed to continue, they must also come to understand how that growth can be stopped. Population grows because more people are being born than are dying. There are two ways, then, in which the growth can be stopped. You can increase the number of people who die until it matches the number of people who are being born. Or else you can decrease the number of people who are born until it matches the number of people who are dying.
The first method—increasing the death rate—is the usual way in which population is controlled in all species of living things other than ourselves, but we don’t want that, for disaster lies that way. The intelligent way is to reduce the birth rate. But how can the birth rate be reduced?

1. 1.
   In paragraph 3, the word “This” refers to ______
   1. A.
      avoidance of poverty
   2. B.
      improvement of life and technology
   3. C.
      growth of population
   4. D.
      enhancement of living standard and competition
2. 2.
   It can be inferred from the passage that if a country had fewer people, ______
   1. A.
      it could still remain strong
   2. B.
      it would be defeated by a strong neighbour
   3. C.
      its standard of living could be high
   4. D.
      its people would live misery
3. 3.
   What might the author be further discussing after the passage?
   1. A.
      Needs to balance population
   2. B.
      Problems involved in birth control
   3. C.
      Methods of decreasing population
   4. D.
      Opposition from some nations
4. 4.
   The passage mainly focuses on ______
   1. A.
      why we must control population
   2. B.
      where we can find a solution
   3. C.
      how to stop population growth
   4. D.
      how to become a strong nation

Answer 1

BACA
试题分析：本文叙述了为什么一个国家要控制人口的增长，一是为了自己国家的安全，如果人口太多，容易遭到邻国的侵略，最终会沦落为贫穷和落后；二是本文提出了控制人口的方法。
1.词义猜测题。根据its best chance is to raise its standard of living and its level of technology.它指的是生活水平和技术的提高，故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据In fact, the worst way in which a nation can try to avoid being dominated by its neighbor is to increase its population to the point of misery and poverty.可以推出如果人少了可以使国家更强大，故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据The intelligent way is to reduce the birth rate. But how can the birth rate be reduced?减少人口的方法，故选C。
4.主旨大意题。根据为什么要控制人口的增长。故选A。
考点：社会类短文阅读。
点评：主旨大意题的干扰项（错误选项）有3种：（1）概括范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。（2）概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。（3）无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。