Recently, a study was carried out to determine who was the greatest American president. Sixty-five presidential historians took part in it, and they judged the past forty-two American leaders based on ten leadership qualities, including public persuasiveness(信服), crisis leadership, management of the economy, moral leadership, and conduct of international relations. The historians also looked at administrative ability (管理能力), relations with Congress, ability to set goals, and the pursuit of equal justice for all. Finally, the experts took into consideration the historical period in which the president lived.

The historians chose Abraham Lincoln as American’s greatest president. He had also been named the greatest president in a similar study in 2000.Abraham Lincoln was the president who led the nation through the Civil War in the 1860s, and was able to unite it in the end. He also took the first steps to abolish(废除) slavery in America.

Edna Medford, a professor of history at Howard University in Washington, D.C., was an adviser on this study and the earlier one. She says Abraham Lincoln is seen to represent the values the nation most honors, such as truthfulness, moderation, and respect for human rights.

The historians put American’s first president, George Washington, second on the list, while Franklin D. Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Harry Truman follow in that order. John F. Kennedy, the country’s first Roman Catholic president, is sixth on the list. Like Lincoln, Kennedy was murdered while in office.

Among recent presidents, Ronald Reagan was named the tenth best and Bill Clinton rated fifteenth, while the historians put former president George W. Bush at number thirty-six. His father, George H.W. Bush, did much better, being placed at number eighteen.

1.We learn from the text that ___________.

A. this is the second time Abraham Lincoln has been chosen as America’s greatest president

B. Edna Medford didn’t take part in the study conducted in 2000

C. George H.W. Bush was thought to have done worse in office than George W.Bush

D. Harry Truman was rated the fourth-best president by the study

2. Which of the following belong to the ten leadership qualities considered?

a. Being able to persuade the public.

b. Taking effective measures during a financial crisis.

c. Balancing home life and career.

d. Pursuing equal justice for all.

A. a,b,c B. b,c,d C. a,b,d D. a,c,d

3.Who is rated worst among the following four presidents?

A. John F. Kennedy B. George W. Bush

C. Bill Clinton D. George Washington

4.The text is mainly about ________.

A. the ten qualities a great president needs

B. how Abraham Lincoln improved the country

C. the values the American nation honors most

D.a study of American presidents

One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?

Listen — Listen when they are talking. Don't say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it's not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.

Help them — If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don't do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra (额外的) pencil or pen with you to classes in case (以防) they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.

Be there for them — Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U.S. actor, once said, “I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control. But if you can't stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve (值得) to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don't want to stay with your friends when they're in hard times, then you don't deserve to be with them when they're having a good time!

Make plans — Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you'll remember these things when you're all old!

1.While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should ________.

A.give him or her some advice

B.calm him or her down

C.just listen unless asked

D.share your feelings as well

2. When we provide help for our friends, we should_______

A. put them before ourselves B. try to do everything for them

C. Change their bad habits first D. ignore their faults

3. What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe’s words?

A.Life without a friend is death.

B. A friend is easier lost than foud

C. A man is known by his friends

D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to find a good friend.

B. How to be a good friend.

C. How to help friends in trouble.

D. How to make more friends.

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