题目内容
16．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Last Sunday my father and I go fishing along a river．We found that the water was very dirty that we could hardly catch any fish in it．A lot of factories along the river always poured their waste water and rubbish into the river，that made the river polluted．With this way most of the fish in the river were killed．If the rivers all over the country are polluting like this，no living things will exist in the water．Which we all know，environmental pollution does harm living things．Now more and more people have been realized what serious this problem is．Our government is doing her best to take measure to fight against pollution．We expect that the water in every river will be made cleaner and cleaner before long．
分析 本文通过介绍河水被污染的原因以及河水污染造成的后果，表达了作者对政府采取措施治理污水，从而使河流变得越来越清洁的期盼．
解答 Last Sunday my father and I go fishing along a river．We found that the water was very dirty that we could hardly catch any fish in it．
A lot of factories along the river always poured their waste water and rubbish into the river，that made the river polluted．With this way
most of the fish in the river were killed．If the rivers all over the country are polluting like this，no living things will exist in the water．
Which we all know，environmental pollution does harm∧living things．Now more and more people have been realized what serious this
problem is．Our government is doing her best to take measure to fight against pollution．We expect that the water in every river will be made
cleaner and cleaner before long．
详解：
1．go改为went 考查时态 根据时间状语"Last Sunday"可知，此处指的是上个星期天发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，故用went．
2．very 改为so 考查固定搭配 so…that 意为：如此…以至于…；此处的意思是：我们发现水是如此地脏，以至于我们几乎抓不到鱼；故用so．
3．that改为which 考查关系代词 本句为非限定性的定语从句，由于关系代词在该从句中作主语，指代的是前面句子的内容，故用which．
4．With改为In 考查固定搭配 in this way意为：这样；用这种方法；故用In．
5．polluting改为 polluted 考查语态 由于主语the rivers 与动词pollute构成被动关系，表达的是一种假设，所以此处应使用一般现在时态的被动语态，故用polluted．
6．Which改为As 考查固定搭配 as we all know意为：众所周知，正如我们所知道的那样；故用As．
7．harm后加 to 考查固定短语 do harm to 意为：对…有害；故在harm后加 to．
8．去掉have之后的been 考查语态 由于主语 people与动词realize是主谓关系，故此处应使用主动语态；故去掉have之后的been．
9．what改为how 考查感叹句中的引导词 在感叹句中，what通常用来修饰名词，how用来修饰形容词或副词；此处用来修饰形容词serious，故用how．
10．measure改为measures 考查固定搭配 take measures to do sth take measures to do sth 意为：采取措施做某事；故用measures．
点评 短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性试题，主要考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力．错误类型一般有：缺词、多词和错词．常见的错误有：1 词法错误，主要包括动词、名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词和介词等词类误用、同义词混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此类试题时，需要正确分析句子成分，熟练掌握各词类的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常见句法错误．通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误．解答此类试题时，需要掌握各类句子的句式结构及意义用法．3 应在理解文章大意的前提下，进行作答．
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