题目内容
More measures should be ______ to protect the natural resource.
B
解析
Brazil has become one. of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint ef??forts to reduce birth rates, Brazil had better results without re??ally trying, says George Martine at Harvard.
Brazil’s population growth rate dropped from 2. 99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93% a year between 198 land 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 7 chil??dren on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (肥皂剧) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in low??ering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest produc??ers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television net??work, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.
Although they have never really tried to work in a mes??sage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe mid??dle and upper class values: not many children, women work??ing, says Martine. They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious (有意识的) of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attrac??tive package.
Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. " This led to an enormous change in consumption (消费) patterns and consumption was incom??patible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction," says Mar??tine.
9. According to the passage, Brazil has lowered its population growth ________.
A. by educating its citizens B. by careful family planning
C. by developing TV programmes D. by chance
10. According to the passage, many Third World countries
A. haven’t given much attention to birth control
B. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate
C. haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population
D. haven’t realized the importance of TV plays in family planning
11. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate be??cause ________.
A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TV
B. they have gradually changed people’s way of life
C. people are drawn to their attractive package
D. they popularize birth control measures
12. What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth?
A. The increase in birth rate will increase consumption.
B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.
C. Consumption goes with reproduction.
D. A country ‘s production is limited by its population growth.
Glynis Davis:
I first piled on the pounds when I was in the family way and I couldn’t lose them afterwards. Then I joined a slimming(减轻体重的) club. My aim was 40 pounds and I lost 30 pounds in six months. I felt great and people kept saying how good I looked. But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits. I told myself I’d lose the weight at slimming classes in the new year…… but it didn’t happen. Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on. I’d lost willpower and tried to believe that the odd bag of fish and chips didn’t make any difference but the scales don’t lie.
Roz Juma:
To be honest, I never weigh myself any more---I’ve learned to be happy with myself. It seemed to me that I would feel sorry about every spoonful of tasty food that passed my lips. My idea is simple. You shouldn’t be too much thinking about food and dieting. Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming of a super-thin body. This is obviously the size I meant to be and , most of all, I’m happy with it.
Lesley Godwin:
I was very happy about winning Young Slimming of the Year. I’d look in the mirror unable to believe this slim lady was me ! That might have been my problem—perhaps from then on I didn’t pay any attention to myself. Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though, because you feel the eyes of the world are fixed upon you. I feel a complete failure because I’ve put on weight again.
Ros Langford:
Before moving in with my husband Gavin, I’d always been about 110 pounds, but the domestic bliss(福佑) went straight to my waist and I put on 15 pounds in a year. Occasionally I try to go on a diet…I’m really good for a few days, then end up having the children’s leftovers(吃剩的食物) or eating happily chocolate—my weakness. I’d like to be slim, but right now my duty is the children and home. I might take more exercise when my kids are older.
What do you think the four women were all talking about ?
A. Their life after marriage B. Their own slimming matter
C. Their work as a housewife D. Different diets they prefer
Where are these short texts most likely to be taken from?
A. Talks on the air B. Advertisements in the newspaper
C. Books in a library D. Magazines for children
What does the underlined word “ scales”(paragraph 1 ) mean?
A. the coach in the slimming club B. some tool to measure weight
C. Glynis Davis’ dear husband D. The salesperson in a food shop
Which of the following best describes each of the four women’s attitudes towards slimming ?
1. Glynis Davis a. I put on weight soon after I got married
2. Roz Juma b. Fame(名声) doesn’t necessarily mean success.
3 Lesley Godwin c. Facts speak much louder than words
4. Ros Langford d. I like myself as I am.
A. 1-c ,2-d, 3-b, 4-a B. 1-c ,2-b, 3-d,4-a C. 1-d,2-a,3-b,4-c D. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex.
Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department(人事部) is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation(估价) and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.
In job evaluation, all the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems.
Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply.
It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simply to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
If a firm wants to establish a new pay structure, it is necessary to get the agreement between________.
A. the Trade Unions and the Personnel Department
B. the Personnel Department and the Accounts Department
C. the employees and the Trade Unions.
D. the employers and the Trade Unions
What does the words “monetary encouragement schemes” in the last paragraph imply?
A. They are plans in which much payment is encouraged.
B. They are encouraging money schedules
C. They are pay systems
D. They are pay systems to encourage workers in that the more work is done, the more money will be paid.
Methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because________.
A. their work is not important B. they have low wages
C. the measurement of their work is difficult D. the company does not have enough money
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A. In every company only the Accounts Department takes charge of the management of wages and salaries.
B. Management work and the job done by workers can use the same evaluation system.
C. If a job is done differently, the payment for the job should be different too.
D. An evaluation system based on points is usually used to evaluate management work.
The main purpose of the passage is to________.
A. explain the responsibilities of both the Accounts Department and the Personnel Department.
B. explain not to evaluate the performance of a job by points
C. tell readers how a company should adopt a new payment system
D. convince(使确信) readers that management work is more difficult to evaluate than the work done by workers
The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the America from being discovered by the people of Europe.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world” . Sailors were afraid that they might sail off the earth. Another idea was that at the equator(赤道) the ocean would be boiling hot.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is still very large. It is more than 4,000 miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2,00 miles (3,200 km) wide.Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has few islands. Also, it is the world’s saltiest ocean.There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers, it would take the ocean about more than 4,000 years to dry up. On the average, the water is a little more than two miles (3.2km) deep, but in some places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This “deep” measures 30,246 feet---almost six miles (9.6km).One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make islands.Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels(船) the crew were afraid they would be becalmed (can’t move) here. Sometimes they were.Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is, however, not always a smooth and safe one. Storms sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the far North across the paths of ships.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it. A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four days. Airplanes fly from New York to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in four!61. What caused people to be unwilling to explore the Atlantic?A. There were no ships big enough to get across the Ocean.B. Sailors were afraid of being lost in the Ocean.C. The Atlantic Ocean was very unusual because it has few islands and the saltiest water.D. Many incorrect ideas such as “the edge of the world”, “the equator with boiling hot water” made people think the Ocean was full of danger.62. What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?A. How deep the water is. B. How to measure the water in the Atlantic.C. How much water the ocean holds. D. How rain affects the Ocean water.63. What does the underlined word “highway” mean?A. High road B. Broad way C. Fast road D. Main water way64. Why does the writer think “this big ocean seems to have grown smaller”?A. The water in the ocean is becoming less.B. We have more and more advanced traveling tools nowC. The distance between the ocean and us is shorter.D. The steamship has a higher speed.
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle…They compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake. If it is a matter in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time in such routine(日常的) work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what he does not know.
1.According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by_____.
A. listening to skilled people’s advice.
B. asking older people many questions
C. making mistakes and having them corrected
D. doing what other people do
2.Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?.
A. Give children correct answers
B. Allow children to mark mistakes.
C. Point out children’s mistakes to them.
D. Let children mark their own work
3.According to the writer, teachers in school should _____
A. allow children to learn from each other
B. point out children’s mistakes whenever found
C. correct children’s mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge
4.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are____
A. different from learning other skills
B. the same as learning skills
C. more important than other skills
D. not really important skills
5.The title of this passage could probably be_____
A. Let Us Teachers Stop Work
B. Let Us Make Children Learn
C. Let Children Correct Their Exercises
D. Let Children Learn by Themselves
