Question

Einstein's connection with the politics of the nuclear bomb is well known: He signed the letter to President Franklin Roosevelt that persuaded the United States to take the idea seriously, and he engaged in postwar efforts to prevent nuclear war. But these were not just the isolated actions of a scientist dragged into the world of politics. Einstein's life was, in fact, "divided between politics and equations(方程式)."

Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives during the First World War, he became involved in antiwar demonstrations. His support of civil disobedience did little to endear him to his colleagues. Then, following the war, he directed his efforts toward reconciliation(调停) and improving international relations. And soon his politics were making it difficult for him to visit the United States, even to give lectures.

Einstein's second great cause was Zionism(犹太复国主义). Although he was Jewish, Einstein rejected the idea of God. However, a growing awareness of anti-Semitism(反犹太主义), both before and during the War, led him gradually to identify with the Jewish community, and later to become an outspoken supporter of Zionism.

His theories came under attack. One man was accused of motivating others to murder Einstein and fined a mere six dollars. When a book was published entitled 100 Authors Against Einstein, he retorted, "If I were wrong, then one would have been enough!" When Hitler came to power, Einstein then in America declared he would not return to Germany. While Nazi attacked his house and confiscated his bank account, a Berlin newspaper displayed the headline "Good News from Einstein--He's Not Coming Back."

Fearing that German scientists would build a nuclear bomb, Einstein proposed that the United States should develop its own. But he was publicly warning of the dangers of nuclear war and proposing international control of nuclear weaponry. Throughout his life, Einstein's efforts toward peace probably achieved little and won him few friends. His support of the Zionist cause, however, was recognized in 1952, when he was offered the presidency of Israel. He declined, saying he was too naive in politics. But perhaps his real reason was different:" Equations are more important to me, because politics is for the present, but an equation is something for eternity."

1.The reason why Einstein was against the war was that __

A. he tried to get involved in politics B. the nuclear bomb could be built by German scientists

C. many people died during the war in vain D. President Franklin persuaded him to do so

2. We can learn from the passage that Einstein __

A. believed in God B. was proud of being Jewish

C. suggested that nuclear weaponry should be banned D. made great achievements in peace

3. The examples in paragraph 4 are used to prove __

A. many people in support of Zionism hated Einstein

B. the reason why Einstein would not return to Israel

C. Einstein was in danger of being killed

D. Einstein didn't enjoy his popularity in the field Of politics

4.What is the structure of the passage?

 

Answer 1

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.A

【解析】本文主要介绍了爱因斯坦的政治主张，他反对战争，但是他建议美国发展核武器；他热爱犹太名族，是一名犹太复国主义者。但是他的政治主张受到很多人的反对。

1.C

【试题解析】推理题。本题教难。根据文章第二段1,2行Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives during the First World War, he became involved in antiwar demonstrations.可知因为在战争中很多人都失去了生命，所以爱因斯坦是反战的。故C项正确。

2.2】B

【试题解析】推理题。根据第三段2,3行However, a growing awareness of anti-Semitism(反犹太主义), both before and during the War, led him gradually to identify with the Jewish community, and later to become an outspoken supporter of Zionism.可知爱因斯坦是犹太复国主义的坚定支持者，这更说明他是一个热爱犹太名族的人，以自己是犹太人而自豪。故B正确。

3.3】D

【试题解析】推理题。根据本段1,2行His theories came under attack. One man was accused of motivating others to murder Einstein and fined a mere six dollars. When a book was published entitled 100 Authors Against Einstein, he retorted, "If I were wrong, then one would have been enough!"很多人都反对他的政治观点，甚至有人出书来反对他，说明他在政治上并没有受到人们的欢迎。故D正确。

4.4】A

【试题解析】篇章结构题。本文第一段最后一句Einstein's life was, in fact, "divided between politics and equations(方程式).说明爱因斯坦在政治上和学术上是分开的。在2,3,4段里分别讲述了他的政治以及反战的主张。在最后一段进行了一个总结，和第一段最后一句形成呼应。故A项正确。

【长难句解析】

1.Sickened by what he saw as the waste of human lives during the First World War, he became involved in antiwar demonstrations.

【翻译】因为在第一次世界大战中看到很多人死于战争而感到难受，爱因斯坦参加了反战游行。

【分析】本句中前面半句是分词在句中做状语的用法，动词sicken使…恶心；与句子主语he之间构成了被动关系，所以使用过去分词。实际上这里的sickened已经转换成形容词，修饰主语he的情况。

2. Fearing that German scientists would build a nuclear bomb, Einstein proposed that the United States should develop its own.

【翻译】担心德国的科学家会制造出核武器，爱因斯坦建议美国发展自己的核武器。

【分析】本句中含有一个虚拟语气，动词propose建议，后面的宾语从句要使用should+动词原形改成的虚拟语气，should可以省略。英语中有4——四个表示“要求”的词，require, ask ,tell, demand；3——三个表示“建议”的词，suggest, recommend, advice；2——两个表示“命令”的词，order,command ； 1——一个表示“坚持”的词，insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形 的虚拟语气。Should可以省略。