题目内容

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is unusual for what it contains: the news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the comments and special features(特写)as well, from editorial page to feature articles, from interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre, and music. A newspaper is even more unusual for the way one reads it never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.
A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality, that is, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But this immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it also mean that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than temporary value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and order, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness(意识) as you change and apply the techniques of reading.
小题1:What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean ?
A．wide coverageB．speed in reporting news
C．various style　　D．popularity among readers
小题2:According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the same newspaper is that ___________.
A．people are interested in the same kind of news
B．different people prefer different newspapers
C．people scan for the news they are interested in
D．people have different views about what a good newspaper is
小题3:A good newspaper offers “a variety” to readers because ___________.
A．readers like to read different newspapers
B．it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality
C．readers are difficult to please
D．it tries to serve different readers
小题4:The best title for this passage would be ___________.
A．The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
B．The Importance of a good Newspaper
C．Good Newspapers and Bad Newspapers
D．Some Advice on How to Read a Newspaper

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:A

试题分析：文章大意：不同读者对报纸有着不同的需求，本文就向我们讲述什么样的报纸才是优秀的报纸。
小题1:B词义猜测题。根据“topicality”所在的句子…. that is, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But this immediacy and the speed of production…直接涉及到你的世界和周边正在发生的事情， 但是这种直接联系及伴随的快速发行方式…故topicality指“快速报道新闻，实事性新闻”。所以答案选B。
小题2:C细节理解题。根据第二段句子no two people really read the same paper…his own selection and order, his own newspaper.可知，每个人在看报纸的时候都会按照自己的顺序跳跃着找自己感兴趣的部分，所以一定程度上说没有两个人会看同样的报纸。故答案选C。
小题3:D细节理解题。根据第二段开头句子A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in.可知，一份好报纸提供各种不同的内容是为了吸引不同的读者，所以答案选D。
小题4:A 主旨大意题。纵观全文两段内容的开头都是A good modern newspaper…所以整篇文章既是在说明一份好报纸应该具备什么样的特点。所以答案选A。
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The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquake­prone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its long­term energy solution.
Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese high­tech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.
“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said  Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermal­electric power production.
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades­long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，Fuji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
小题1:What would be the best title for the text?
A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．World’s largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
小题2:What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%.　B．Below 1%.
C．Around 30%.　D．Over 80%.
小题3:According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________.
A．a change of rules 　B．financial support
C．local people’s helpD．high technology
小题4:Geothermal energy is considered as a long­term program by________.
A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji　B．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto Yamada　D．Yoko Ono
小题5:It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.
A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan
There are many things that go into making a successful school, and success can be measured in many ways. Often, the teachers are praised for a school’s success and blamed for its failure. Yet, in order for a school to be effective, it must be a place where teaching and learning can easily take place, and that requires the hard work of more than just educators. Students must take learning into their own hands and feel as if what they are doing is as important as it actually is. This can only be done with the cooperation of every adult that is involved in the students’ life. Some of these individuals often go unnoticed, yet the role they play in the students’ lives is immeasurable.
Administrative assistants welcome students at the beginning of the day and answer a large number of questions. When an assistant remembers a student’s name or even something special about that student, it communicates to him that he is cared for. The assistant can also give that extra encouragement for a student to make better choices, especially when they are visiting the principal’s office.
Cafeteria workers have a short period of time to interact with students, but can make a big difference as well. Beyond meeting nutritional needs, cafeteria workers may also on occasion meet the emotional needs of the students they serve. Students benefit from positive interaction with adults, and cafeteria workers may give that extra bit of encouragement that a child needs.
Custodians (管理人员) are often underappreciated for all that they give to schools. They have to be knowledgeable about everything from cleaning to fixing the most intricate (复杂的) tools. They get to school early in the morning before teachers arrive and lock up late at night after the last student has left from the after-school event. They also make sure teachers are equipped with the necessary items and prepare the rooms so that they are ready for learning. A great custodian also gives that kind word or extra smile to that student who needs it most.
小题1:If an assistant remembers a student’s name, the student will feel that       .
A．he is cared for
B．he is special
C．he has done something wrong
D．he has made progress in study
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE about cafeteria workers?
A．It’s enough for them to cook for the students.
B．It’s hard for them to interact with the students.
C．They can also meet the emotional needs of the students.
D．They have the most interaction with students at school.
小题3:We learn from the fourth paragraph that       .
A．custodians play the least important role in a school
B．the work of custodians often goes unnoticed
C．custodians should be more serious with students
D．custodians’ work is always appreciated at school
小题4:How does the author feel about the staff mentioned in the text?
A．Disappointed. B．Appreciative.
C．Dissatisfied. D．Doubtful.
A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus（刺激）from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the ten-month old son of Dr. and Mrs. Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag（滞后）in the learning process. With the aid of a sonar-type electronic that he wears on his head, infant(婴儿) Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes(回声).
The device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”, an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a smart or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a battery-powered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超声的) pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音调) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.
The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Denny’s sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus , by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超声波) passes its edges. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peek-a-boo with his mother. Standing on her knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the first time he wore it,” says Mrs. Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”
What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment.
Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc, is working on the development of sonar(声纳) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis’s for use by school-age children.
小题1:Dr. and Mrs. Daughters’ research is directed to ________.
A．helping the blind to see and learn as well as others
B．benefiting the learning process of blind children
C．solving blind children’s psychological problems
D．finding out how children develop intellectually
小题2:Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because ________.
A．he already lags behind the sighted children
B．he leads a life as normal as any other children
C．he is at the early stage of the learning process
D．he has the aid of a sonar-type electronic device
小题3:What can we learn about infant Dennis’ device?
A．Its first design was designed for blind adults.
B．Its battery is as small as a half-dollar coin.
C．It is functionally similar to a sane and guide dog.
D．It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc.
小题4:In the third paragraph, “its edges” refers to ___________ .
A．the edge of an object
B．the edge of the device
C．the boundary of Dennis’ movement
D．the boundary of the sound pitch.
Schooling Matters
March 25, 2014  Chengdu  Michelle Obama
You see, the truth is that I grew up like many of you. My mom, my dad, my brother and I, we lived in a tiny apartment in Chicago, which is one of the largest cities in America. My father worked at the local water plant…
While we certainly weren’t rich, my parents had big dreams for me and my brother. They had only a high school education themselves, but they were determined to send us both to universities.
So they poured all of their love and all of their hope into us, and they worked hard. They saved every penny. And I know that wasn’t easy for them, especially for my father. You see, my father had serious illness called multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化症). And as he got sicker, it got harder for him to walk, and it took him longer to get dressed in the morning.
But no matter how tired he felt, no matter how much pain he was in, my father hardly ever missed a day of work, because he was determined to give me and my brother a better life. And every day, like so many of you, I felt the weight of my parents’ sacrifices on my shoulders. Every day, I wanted to make them proud.
So, while most American kids attend public schools near their homes, when it was time for me to attend high school, I took an exam and got into a special public high school where I could get a better education. But the school was very far from my home, so I had to get up early every morning and ride a bus for an hour, sometimes an hour and a half if the weather was bad. And every afternoon, I’d ride that same bus back home and then immediately start my homework, often studying late into the night – and sometimes I would wake up at 4:30 or 5:00 in the morning to study even more.
And it wasn’t easy. But whenever I got tired or discouraged, I would just think about how hard my parents were working for me. And I would remember something my mother always told me – she said, “A good education is something that no one can take away from you.”
小题1:The passage can be sorted as a        ．
A．self-introductionB．short storyC．news reportD．speech draft (草稿)
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE about Michelle Obama and her family?
A．Her parents were poor but had good educational backgrounds.
B．She attended a public high school near her home.
C．Her father suffered a serious disease and became disabled.
D．She was aware of her parents’ sacrifices and expectations.
小题3:Which of the following words best describes Michelle’s father?
A．Optimistic.B．Humorous.C．Strong-mindedD．Generous
小题4:What does Michelle mainly want to tell readers in this excerpt?
A．We should work hard and get good educations.
B．Our parents always have high expectations for us.
C．She is an ordinary person from an ordinary family.
D．The road to the US First Lady is not easy.
The increase in tuition fees(学费) has led to a “clear drop” in the number of English students applying for university places this autumn. There are 15,000 “missing” applicants this academic year, according to the Independent Commission on Fees. Chairman Will Hutton said: “We’re asking our young men and women to have more debt than any other country in the world — it’s higher than the average debt in the US. It’s not clear whether those lost students this year will return next year, or if it’s a storm warming of a worrying trend.”
But the commission’s report says there does not seem to be an impact on poorer communities. The commission found there was no significant change in the application rate to the key universities, such as Oxford or Cambridge. The decline （下降）in England has not been mirrored in other parts of the UK where fees have not been raised, and the drop can only partly be explained by falling numbers of young people in the population. Students from Scotland attending Scottish universities do not pay fees, while the Welsh Assembly says it will pay fees above ￡3,465 for Welsh students attending UK institutions.
The average tuition fee at English universities this year is ￡ 8,385, rising to ￡ 8,507 next year. UK and EU students have access to govemment-backed loans to pay the fees. And the survey of 1,000 pupils aged 15-18, carried out this April, found that the majority expected to go on to higher education as people continue to understand that university remains a good long term investment in their future.
A spokeswoman at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills which is responsible for universities, said:“Students shouldn’t be forced to put off going to university for financial reasons. Most students will not have to pay in advance, and no one will have to start paying back their student loan until they start to earn at least ￡ 2l,000 per year.”
小题1:From the first paragraph, we know that __________________       .
A．it’s a trend that English students are dropping out of school
B．the rising tuition fees have a great effect on English students
C．the lost English students will find their way back
D．many English students are missing the final examinations
小题2:Why is there still a drop of applicants though fees have not been raised?
A．Because the students live in poor communities.
B．Because Welsh students will pay fees above￡3,465.
C．Because education is free for Scottish students.
D．Because there are less young students in the area.
小题3:What’s the students’ attitude to universities in the survey?
A．Most of them are willing to go to university.
B．They feel universities takes up too much time.
C．They will stop applying for university places this autumn.
D．They are anxious to go to a key university.
小题4:The spokeswoman in the last paragraph advises students to ______________
A．put off going to university
B．reduce the anxiety about the rising fees
C．pay for the fees in advance
D．pay back their loan soon after graduation
Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend").
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more  social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
小题1:The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____ .
A．turn to friends for helpB．solve a conflict calmly
C．find an escape from realityD．seek comfort from children
小题2:Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C．Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
小题3:What can be learned from the passage?
A．Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C．Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D．The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
小题4:Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．How men and women get over stress
B．How men and women suffer from stress
C．How researchers overcome stress problems
D．How researchers handle stress-related disorders
“It hurts me more than you，’’and “This is for your own good．’’These are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin，clean my room，stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in educafion in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school．The schools and the educators made it easy on us．They thought that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators，turned on the television，left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation．
Now teachers，faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years，are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake．One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students-“so passive”-and-wonders what happened．Nothing was demanded of them，she believes. Television，says Klompus，contributes to children’s passivity．“We’re not training kids to work any more,” says Klompus．“we’re talking about a generation of kids who’ve never been hurt or hungry．They have learned somebody will always do it for them. Instead of saying ‘go look it up’，you tell them the answer．It takes greater energy to say no to a kid．”
Yes，it does．It takes energy and it takes work. It’s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work．It’s time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it's for their own good．It’s time to start telling them no again.
小题1:Why are children becoming more inactive in study?
A．Because they watch TV too often
B．Because they have done too much homework．
C．Because they have to fulfill too many duties．
D．Because teachers are too strict with them．
小题2:To such children as described in the passage         
A．it is easier to say no than to say yes
B．neither is easy-to say yes or to say no
C．it is easier to say yes than to say no
D．neither is difficult-to say yes or to say no
小题3:We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to lay emphasis on       
A．1earning Latin
B．natural development
C．discipline
D．education at school
小题4:By “permissive period in education’’the author means a time         ．
A．when children are allowed to do what they wish to
B．when everything can be taught at school
C．when every child can be educated
D．when ehildren are permitted to receive education
小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Parents should leave their children alone，
B．Kids should have more activities at school．
C．It’s time to be stricter with our kids．
D．Parents should always set a good example to their kids．
Will online courses transform world of education?
Some may wonder what it feels like to attend a class at Stanford University. The recently popular MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) can satisfy this desire. But they are also most likely to change the situation of higher education. Only last month，both Peking University and Tsinghua University announced plans to start open online course on the edX platform，one of the world’s major providers of MOOCs，to explore this new form of online education.
Gaining momentum(势头)
“It’s not only a change of platforms from offline to online. It’s more about a reform of
teaching methods，even the whole education system，”said Chen Jining，president of Tsinghua University.
The potential of MOOCs to reform education has been obvious in the US ever since the immediate popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence，taught by Stanford University professor Sebastian Thrun, who later co-founded Udacity, a platform with 1.6 million enrolled(注册) students in 200 countries. According to Nature magazine，by June 2013，74 percent of universities in the US offered some type of online course. Lu Fang, vice-president of Fudan University，explains the appeal of MOOCs as a simple case of supply and demand：“The demand for high quality educational resources from both enrolled students and professionals is feeding the rise of MOOCs，in which classes usually taught by top teachers are available to everyone，”said Lu.
Too early to replace
With easy access and free of charge, MOOCs are said to have the potential to change the present education system. But there are barriers，because hardly any universities offer degree certificates, as college administrators point out, it’s difficult to confirm if students are foaming anything in MOOCs，reposed USA Today．
The Wall Street Journal also reposed that，presently，a typical MOOC student is likely to have
already graduated from college and is using the course to explore an interest or acquire professional
skills. Even so, an increasing number of undergraduates are signing up.
“What we are really establishing(创建)are educational pathways for people who want skills that are related to contemporary jobs，”Thrun told The Wall Street Journal．
小题1:MOOCs have been considered likely to reform education since___________．
A．the founding of Udacity
B．the wide application of online education
C．the popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence
D．the opening of MOOCs on the edX platform in China
小题2:According to Lu Fang, MOOCs have become popular because___________．
A．high quality educational resources are in demand
B．students can attend courses in famous universities
C．college students have access to famous teachers
D．MOOCs have brought about revolution in education
小题3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Most of the MOOCs focus on professional training for college graduates．
B．There are barriers for MOOCs to replace the present education system．
C．International companies prefer applicants who graduate from MOOCs．
D．More and more undergraduates have realized the limits of MOOCs．
小题4:The author’s attitude towards MOOCs is___________．
A．doubtfulB．negativeC．criticalD．optimistic

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