its positive or negative effect, change can be stressful A．Apart from B．Except for C．In spite of D．Regardless of 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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     Ever since he first started practicing, Berkeley, California, psychologist Allen D. Kanner,
PhD, has been asking his younger clients (顾客) what they wanted to do when they grew
up. The answer usedtobe" nurse" , " astronaut" orsomeotheroccupation that appealed to
them. Today the answer is more likely to be "make money". For Kanner, one explanation
for that change can be found in advertising.
     "Advertising is a multi-million dollar project that's having an enormous influence on
child development, " says Kanner, who is also a member at a clinical (临床的) psychology
training program called the Wright Institute. "Advertising is growing rapidly and entering
new areas of childhood, like our schools. "
     According to Kanner, the result is not only the spread of materialistic(物质第一的 )
values among children, but also something he calls " self-love wounding" of children."
Thanks to advertising, " he says, " children have become convinced that they're unfortunate
if they don't have an endless supply of new products. "
     Now Kanner and several colleagues are up-in-arms with the psychologists and others
who are using psychological knowledge to help marketers target children more effectively.
They're shocked when they are told the secret behind why 3 to 7-year-olds are attracted
to toys that transform themselves into something else and why 8 to 12-year-olds love to
collect things. Last fall, Kanner and a group of 59 other psychologists and psychiatrists
(精神病学家) sent a letter speaking against psychologists' employment by advertisers
to American Psychologcal Association( APA) .
     In response, at its June meeting, APA's Board of Directors acted on a recommendation
from the Board for the Advancement of Psychology in the Public Interest and approved
the creation of a task force to study the issue. The task force will examine the research
on advertising's influence on children and their families. The group will look at the role
psychologists play in what some consider the exploitation (利用) of children and consider
how psychology can help reduce advertising's harmful effects and increase its positive
effects. The group will also explore implications(含意)for public policy.

1. Which of the following is a reason why children today tend to say they want to make
money when they grow up, according to Allen D. Kanner?______

A. Traditional occupations no longer hold so much
appeal to children today.
B. It's children's characteristic to collect things and to
want more constantly.
C. Advertising is a multi-million dollar project that
many children want as future job.
D. Advertisers' targeting of young consumers has made
them more materialistic.

2. Which of the following shows the negative effect advertising has had on children?______

A. Many children have hobbies like collecting stamps, coms or other things.
B. Many children are hard to satisfy and constantly want and ask for more.
C. Many children are so self-centered that they don't care about others.
D. Many children tend to wound others to please themselves.

3. Theunderlinedwords" up-in-arms " probablymean________.

A. angryB. interestedC. happyD. surprised

4. We can learn from the last paragraph that _________ .

A. American Psychological Association didn't take Allen D. Kanner and others' letter seriously
B. the task force will study how to use psychology to make advertising more beneficial
C. measures have been taken on the psychologists Allen D. Kanner spoken against
D. public policy has completely nothing to do with advertising

______ its positive or negative effect, change can be stressful.

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