we call a machine is really a kind of tool that can do work for man. [ ] A. When B. That C. What D. Which 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

_____ we call a machine is really a kind of tool that can do work for man.

[ ]

A. When
B. That
C. What
D. Which

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In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”- feeling important and worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure”—finding life enjoyable—are not always the same. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—what’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.

Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects. One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.

The concepts(概念)of mastery and pleasure can help us identify(找到)the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.

A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple（多项的）roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment—were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.

It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.

A. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”

B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”

C. women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time

D. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women

The author’s attitude towards women having a career is________.

A. negative B. positive C. neutral（中立的） D. realistic

One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles,_____.

A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain

B. she will be more successful in her career

C. her chances of getting promoted will be greater

D. her life will be richer and more meaningful

Which of the following can be considered as a source of “pleasure” for women?

A. Family life B. Multiple roles in society

C. Regular employment D. Freedom from anxiety

In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of "mastery"—feeling important and worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of "pleasure"—finding life enjoyable—are not always the same．Women often are told "You can't have it all．" Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: "You choose a career, so you can't expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life．" or "You have a wonderful husband and children—what's all this about wanting a career?" But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves．

Our study shows that, for women, well-being（康乐） has two aspects．One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression．Mastery is closely related to the "doing" side of life, to work and activity．Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism．It is tied more closely to the "feeling" side of life．The two are independent of each other．A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa （反之亦然）．For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time．

The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes．In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being．But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important．And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work．In our study, all the groups of employed women are valued significantly higher in mastery than women who are not employed．

A woman's well-being is developed when she takes on multiple （多项的） roles．At least ?by middle adulthood, the women who are involved in a combination of roles —marriages, motherhood, and employment —are the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain．

It can be inferred from the first paragraph that __ __．

A．for women, a sense of "mastery" is more important than a sense of "pleasure"

B．for women, a sense of "pleasure" is more important than a sense of "mastery"

C．women can't have a sense of "mastery" and a sense of "pleasure" at the same time

D．a sense of "mastery" and a sense of "pleasure" are both necessary to women

The author's attitude towards women having a career is_ __．

A．negative B．positive C．neutral （中立） D．realistic

One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, _ __．

A．her life will be richer and more meaningful

B．she will be more successful in her career

C．her chances of getting promoted will be greater

D．it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain

The most appropriate title for the passage would be _ __．

A．The Well-Being of Career Women

B．Sources of Mastery and Pleasure

C．Two Aspects of Women's Well-Being

D．Multiple Roles of Women in Society

“What’s in a name?”According to Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, there is not too much. “That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. ”But Shakespeare may have been wrong. In most cultures, names matter a great deal.

Americans choose names for their children with care. Parents usually think about the impression a name gives, not its meaning. Most Americans would consider a“Jennifer”more attractive than a “Bertha”, for example. The last name, or, surname, must also be considered when choosing a first and middle name. A name like Lester Chester Hester would sound poetic, but odd. Parents would avoid names that remind them of people they don’t like. On the other hand, people might name their children after a respected elderly relative or even a famous person. The popularity of certain names can change with each new generation. Names that were once common, like Fanny or Elmer, sound old-fashioned today. But other names—like John and David, Mary and Sarah—have stood the test of time and continue to be favorites.

People in America don’t always call their friends and relatives by their given names. Instead, they often use nicknames. Sometimes nicknames are short forms of a longer name. For instance, a girl named Elizabeth may be called Lisa, Beth or Betsy. As children grow up, they may decide for themselves which nickname they wish to be called. Some people just go by the initials of their first and middle names, like B. J. or R. C. And of course, people may call their children or their sweethearts other special nicknames. Often they have a “sweet” flavor, like Honey or Sugar. What’s in a name? A world of significance. So if you’re choosing an English name for yourself, take care to choose a good one. A made-up name could sound strange to native English speakers. And a translation of your Chinese name may not make an appropriate name, either. But a good name can leave a positive and lasting impression. As an American politician once said,“In real life, unlike in Shakespeare, the sweetness of the rose depends upon the name it bears.”

What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?

A. People change names in order to be popular with the new generation.

B. Names will change by themselves in order to be popular.

C. Some names may no longer be popular among the new generation.

D. No names can stand the test of time.

When choosing names, you should stick to the following principles except that _________.

A. the impression a name gives is more important than its meaning

B. you can name after a well-known person

C. surname should be paid attention to

D. you can create a name that is special

The word “initial” in paragraph 3 probably means .

A. nickname B. the first letter C. short form D. title

The author will name a newly born baby girl .

A. Bertha B. Fanny C. Yunyun D. Elizabeth

What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Names have great significance to Americans.

B. Names change when time goes by.

C. Chinese people should be careful when choosing their English names.

D. Roses smell sweet by any other name.

It is men’s nature to live together in families and tribes(部落), and cities and nations, and therefore men have learned to prize those qualities in each other which make social life the happiest and best.
Of these qualities one of the most important is sympathy－fellow-feeling. If a man had no fellow-feeling, we should call him “inhuman”; he would be no true man. We think so much of this quality that we call a kind man “human”－that is, man-like in his conduct, first to other men, and afterwards to all living things.
If you are cruel to animals, you are not likely to be kind or thoughtfull to men; and if you are thoughtful towards men, you are not likely to be cruel and thoughtful towards animals. This is why the wise man of old wrote, “The merciful man is merciful to his beast.”
What a pleasure it is also to be loved by our pets or domestic animals; and to feel that we are caring for them and are deserving of their love; or to watch the ways of wild creatures, and gradually to make friends with them!
Treating animals kindly does not mean that we must never inflict any pain on them. We ourselves are trained by pains as well as by pleasures; so too, punishment is sometimes needed to train our dogs and horses to obey us. We endure pains at the hands of the surgeon, to cure some wound or to heal some disease; so too, animals must submit to being doctored.
We send out our bravest men to face wounds, sickness and death, for the good of the nation; so too, we let our horses share the risk of battle. For similar reasons, we cannot hesitate to destroy dangerous creatures like wolves and show senseless ferocity(残忍). It is no excuse to say that these animals deserve to be treated cruelly on account of their own cruelty. They are not really cruel, for they tear and kill not from love of unkindness, but because they must do so in order to live.
【小题1】One of the most important qualities of men is fellow-feeling because .

A．you are likely to be cruel and thoughtful without it

B．a man would be inhuman without it

C．men can’t bear any pain on themselves and animals

D．only sympathy makes a man man-like in his conduct

【小题2】The author would probably agree with the following EXCEPT that 　.

A．we must never force any pain on animals

B．some people have to kill some animals in order to live

C．it is human for a doctor to cut off some part from the animals

D．wise men are not only good to men but also to animals

【小题3】What do you think is the title of the passage?

A．Loving your pet.	B．Fellow-feeling.
C．Making friends with animals.	D．Kindness to animals.

【小题4】Which of the following is inhuman according to the writer?

A．To treat animals cruelly because they are cruel.

B．To train animals.

C．To destroy some of the dangerous animals.

D．To make animals submit to being doctored.

【小题5】The underlined word “inflict” here means .

A．make sb/sth suffer	B．forbid
C．punish	D．avoid

Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims (声称) as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same species are welcome. Your house is your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.
If so, you have actually frightened the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting (筑巢) season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.
【小题1】Some scientists believe that most of the time bird’s singing is actually ________.