Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a ver 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

　　Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America. It is an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on industries that cause pollution. Cubatao, an industrial town of 85,000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it had more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants. The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matters in their surroundings, and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

　　It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, had laws against pollution, but these laws are not carried out strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important top the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility does not completely lie in the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the US. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

(1) Developing countries don't have strict pollution controls because ________.

[　　]

A．the new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution

B．pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries

C．they don't realize that the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants

D．if they put stricter controls on industries, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries.

(2) The author's purpose in naming Cubatao is to show that ________.

[　　]

A．industry can develop very fast in developing countries

B．the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious

C．industries growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries

D．pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil

(3) How is the health of the population of Cubatao?

[　　]

A．There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B．More people suffer from lung disease because of poisonous matters.

C．Their health is affected by pollutants the way as that of other Brazilians.

D．Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

(4) Some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil because they ________.

[　　]

A．think Brazil is suitable for them to invest in Brazil

B．will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil

C．can make much money and they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much

D．can act in an irresponsible way in Brazil where there are no pollution laws

答案：D;C;B;B
解析：

(1) 从“They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on industries that cause pollution”可以看出，他们不顾环境安全而发展工业，主要是为了吸引外来工业，发展本国经济。如果对环境要求严格，外来工业就会撤退。

(2) Cubatao的问题的为了发展经济而使环境大受污染。这是一个典型的工业发展中国家带来污染的事例。

(3)从“Among children and grown-ups, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places”可以找到答案。

(4) 从“If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business”中可以看出，外国企业之所以要把污染源放到发展中国家，是为了环境安全而限制或禁止有关企业的发展，并制定了严厉和惩罚措施。

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阅读理解

　　The House Committee on Pollution(HCP)held a special meeting last night to discuss the Albanian cans．A difficult situation arose last week after the Albanians had refused to allow an international environmental organization to test cans of industrial waste that they were throwing into the Sea of Japan．It was thought that the cans may have contained nuclear waste, even though the Albanians have strongly denied this．

　　Six crew members from the Greenpeace ship “Tiger 2”, which is still closely monitoring the Albanian ship, secretly went aboard at night and took away one of the waste cans．The first test results of the waste in the can suggest nuclear waste rather than other industrial waste according to a report from the Japan laboratory where the tests are being carried out．Further tests are necessary to determine the exact level of nuclear content．

　　The Greenpeace action has annoyed the Albanians but the Foreign Secretary here has insisted that the Albanian ship leave the Sea of Japan and return home immediately．The Albanians, not surprisingly, have refused to do so, and demanded that “Tiger 2” be called off from watching them．

　　The International Community is suggesting that the Albanian ship be properly searched and is saying that it is very important and necessary that no more cans are thrown until the truth of this matter is made clear．Obviously, the Japanese government is particularly anxious to discover exactly what is being thrown so close to their northern islands, possibly polluting their fishing industry and putting people’s lives in danger．The International Community is to meet with the Albanian government tomorrow for the third time in a week．

(1)

When the article was written, the difficult situation ________．
[　　]
A．	just appeared
B．	was still continuing
C．	was coming to an end
D．	was turning even worse

(2)

We can learn from the passage that the Albanians ________．
[　　]
A．	felt deeply sorry about the matter
B．	hoped to make the matter clear as soon as possible
C．	took an unfriendly attitude to the matter
D．	were ready to accept all the suggestions about the matter

(3)

The underlined word “monitoring” in the 2nd paragraph means ________．
[　　]
A．	watching
B．	sailing
C．	following
D．	heading for

(4)

The most suitable title for this article should be ________．
[　　]
A．	An Albanian Ship Gets into Trouble
B．	Industrial Waste in the Sea of Japan
C．	Albanians Cause Headache for the HCP
D．	Northern Japanese Islands Are in Danger

阅读理解

　　Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”－physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used－that a culture produces．Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life．Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture．The most vivid body of “things”in it, of course, are musical instruments．We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we depend on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote(faraway in time)past and their development．

　　Here we have two kinds of evidence：instruments well-kept and instruments pictured in art．Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern effect to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra．

　　Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture．Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows each other’s influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America．Printed versions limit variety because they are likely to standardize any song, yet they encourage and force people to make new and different songs．Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole．

　　One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out：the effect of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and video cassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments．This is all part of the “information revolution”, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth．These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the world．

(1)

Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________．
[　　]
A．	it helps produce new cultural tools and technology
B．	it can express the development of the nation
C．	it helps understand the nation’s past and present
D．	it can present the nation’s civilization(文明)

(2)

It can be learned from this passage that ________．
[　　]
A．	the existence of the symphony was regarded as a thing caused by the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music
B．	Near Eastern music had an effect on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra
C．	the development of the symphony shows the effect of Eastern and Western music between each other
D．	the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra was developed on the basis of Near Eastern music

(3)

According to the author, music notation(乐谱)is important because ________．
[　　]
A．	it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it
B．	it is likely to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians
C．	it is the printed version of standardized folk music
D．	it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs

(4)

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
[　　]
A．	Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers．
B．	Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded．
C．	Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets．
D．	The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material world．

A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men—4 individuals who could invent machines, find new 5 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.

　　The men who 6 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 8 inventors than scientists. A man who is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10 .He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used.

　　An inventor or one interested in applied science is 12 trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may try to solve a problem by 13 the theories 14 science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16 other objectives.

　　Most of the people who 17 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18 or no training in science might not have made their inventions 19 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years 20 .

　　1.A.cases B .reasons C .factors D .situations

　　2.A.But B .And C .Besides D .Even

　　3.A.else B .near C .extra D .similar

　　4.A.generating B .effective C .motivating D .creative

　　5.A.origins B .sources C .bases D .discoveries

　　6.A.employed B .created C .operated D .controlled

　　7.A.came B .arrived C .stemmed D .appeared

　　8.A.less B .better C. more D .worse

　　9.A.genuine B .practical C .pure D .clever

　　10.A.happily B .occasionally C. reluctantly D .accurately

　　11.A.now B .and C .all D .so

　　12.A.seldom B .sometimes C .all D .never

　　13.A.planning B .using C .idea D .means

　　14.A.of B .with C .to D .as

　　15.A.single B .sole C. specialized D .specific

　　16.A.few B .those C .many D .all

　　17.A.proposed B .developed C .supplied D .offered

　　18.A.little B .much C .some D .any

　　19.A.as B .if C .because D .while

　　20.A.ago B .past C .ahead D .before

Everyone has an ambition(志向) to travel. But those who cannot do so themselves might find it interesting to work in a travel agency (旅行社)，arranging journeys for other people. Brian Lawtey does this，working in a small travel agency in the industrial city. Most of his work is concerned with holiday，both at home and abroad. Every autumn，the agency sends out hundreds of booklets (小册子) full of attractive，colored photographs，describing the holidays that their customers will be able to have the next year. Soon，people begin to come into the office to book their holidays：perhaps a week’s skiing in Austria in January，perhaps a cruise (巡游) to the Caribbean in February，perhaps a seaside holiday in Spain in May，or a tour of Africa. Brian often has to advise people on what holidays will be suitable for them，and they always have a lot of questions. Last year，for example，a lady of eighty-two wanted to book for a mountaineering (爬山) holiday in the Alps (阿尔卑斯山)，and Brian had great difficulty in persuading her that it would not be suitable. In the end，she decided to go for a Mediterranean cruise instead.

Arranging journeys for people who have to travel abroad on business is often very complicated，but Brian enjoys this work. For example，last spring Mr. Perry，a director of a chemical firm，went on a business trip，and Brian arranged it all for him. First，Mr. Perry traveled to London by train，and stayed overnight in a hotel near the airport，because his plane left early the next morning. He flew to Frankfurt in Germany，where he spent the morning discussing business. Then he went on by train to Zurich (苏黎世)，where he stayed the night. After a meeting the next morning，he caught a plane for Tokyo，and spent three days there before going to America. He had business in Seattle (西雅图)，Chicago and New York，and stayed some time in each of those places. From New York，he flew back to London，and then got home by train. The next day he telephoned the agency to thank Brian for arranging everything so well for him.

1.Who would like to work in a travel agency?

A.People who live in an industrial city.

B.People who would like to travel but cannot.

C.Ambitious people.

D.People who go on holidays abroad.

2.When do the customers come into the office to book their holidays?

A.Early in the morning.

B.Every year.

C.In January.

D.Shortly after receiving the booklet.

3.Those who cannot travel themselves might find it interesting to work in a travel agency　　　 .

A.arranging trips for other people

B.arranging trips for themselves

C.booking trips for other people

D.describing the holidays for other people

4.Mr. Perry telephoned the agency to thank Brian because　　　 .

A.Mr. Perry arranged everything so well for Brian

B.Brian arranged everything so well for Mr. Perry

C.the agency sent Mr. Perry abroad on business

D.Brain helped him in the travel agency

5.How was Mr. Perry’s journey arranged?

a. To fly to Tokyo. 　　　　　　　 b. To Frankfurt by plane.

c. Back home by train. 　　　　　 d. Fly back to London.

e. To Zurich by train. 　　　　　 f. Have business in Seattle，Chicago and New York.

g. To London by train.

A.g，b，a，f，e，d，c　　　　　　　 B.c，g，a，b，e，f，d

C.g，b，e，a，f，d，c　　　　　　　 D.f，e，a，b，g，c，d

Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye（颜料） broke, there has been confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever.
Sudan1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.
Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.
Last week Sudan’s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye’s name.
Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan’s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.
　　"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."
The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week.
　"They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."
Sudan dyes, which include Sudan1 to 4, are red dyes used for colouring solvents（溶剂）, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
【小题1】What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?