. If US software companies don’t pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

If US software(软件) companies don’t pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.

Already, of the world’s 12 software houses that have earned the highest position in the world, seven are in India. That’s largely because they have used new methods American software specialists refused to use. For example, for years, quality specialists, W. Edwards Deming and J.M. Juran had tried to persuade US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US--but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was taking its market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming’s and Juran’s ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.

Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance(保证). But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing(评估) and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60 % of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10 %.

Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India. Let’s hope that US lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.

64. Which country has the most first-class software companies in the world?

A. Germany. B. The USA. C. Brazil. D. India.

65. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?

A. He is now still an IBM employer.

B. He has worked for IBM for 37 years.

C. The US pays much attention to his quality advice.

D. India honors him highly.

66. By what means did Japan take its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?

A. Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.

B. Its advertising was most successful.

C. The US hardware industry was falling behind.

D. Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.

67. What is the writer worrying about?

A. Many US software specialists are working for Japan.

B. The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.

C. The US will lose its lead in software in the world.

D. India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.

64---67 DDAC

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第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A man’s best friend may become his enemy. His children that he has_____16____with loving care may show no thanks. Those who are ____17_____to us, those whom we trust with our happiness____18_____turn against their faith. The money that a man has, he may___19_____.It flies from him, perhaps when he needs it _____20______.A man’s reputation(名誉) may be lost in a moment of ill-considered_____21_____. The people who would prefer to fall on their knees to do us honour when success is with us may be ____22____ to throw the stone malice(敌意) when failure settles upon our heads.
The one absolutely(绝对地)____23_____friend that man can have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts(遗弃) him is his_____24_____. A man’s dog stands by him____25____he is rich or poor, healthy or sick. He will sleep on the cold ground,____26_____the wintry winds blow and the snow drives hard,____27____he may be near his master’s side. He will _____28____the hand that has no food to offer. He guards the sleep of his poor master as if he ___29_____ a prince. When all other friends desert him , the dog_____30____. When reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant(不断的) in his love as the sun in its journey _____31_____the heavens.
If the master becomes friendless and homeless,____32____the faithful dog asks for is to be with him. And when___33___ takes his master in its embrace(拥抱) and his body____34___away in the cold ground, there by the graveside(墓边) will the dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but ____35______in watchfullness, faithful and true even in death.
16． A. brought out   B. brought up        C. brought in       D. brought on
17. A. nearest       B. most useful        C. most important   D. strangest
18. A. must         B. have to           C. may            D. should
19 A. keep         B. Use             C. earn            D. lose
20. A. more        B. most             C. better           D. very
21. A. action       B. thought           C. movement       D. mind
22. A. first         B. last              C. latest           D. newest
23. A. close       B. selfish           C. kind             D. unselfish
24. A. wife         B. dog             C. himself          D. brother
25. A. whether      B. even though      C. although         D. whenever
26. A. there        B. because          C. where          D. which
27. A.as long as     B. even if          C. so that           D. though
28. A. eat          B. take            C. kiss             D. shake
29. A. is           B. were            C. had been        D. would be
30. A. leaves       B. cries            C. remains         D. disappears
31. A into        B. on              C. out of          D. through
32. A. why         B. which           C. how           D. what
33. A. birth        B. life              C. death          D. kindness
34. A. lay         B. is lain            C. is laying         D. is laid
35. A. closed       B. open            C. shut             D. Opened

Young Jack moved to a new house. When entering his new bedroom, he saw that it was full of toys but it was tidy. That day he played all he liked, but went to bed without tidying up.
The next morning, when Jack got up, he found all the toys had been put back in their proper places. He was sure that no one had entered his bedroom, but the boy didn’t pay much attention to it. The exact same thing happened that day, and the next day. But on the fourth day when he went to get his favourite toy, the toy jumped out of his hands and said, “I don’t want to play with you!”
Jack felt surprised, but the same happened with every toy he touched. Finally, one toy said to him:
“We don’t want to play with you. You always leave us so far away from our proper places. You don’t know how arduous it is for us to climb back up onto the shelves, or jump into the box. We feel most uncomfortable and unhappy. You don’t know how uncomfortable and cold the floor is! We don’t play with you any more if you don’t promise to leave us in our proper places before you go to bed.”
Jack remembered how comfortable he felt in his bed and how bad he felt when he had once slept in a chair. He realized how badly he had treated his friends, the toys. He asked for their forgiveness(原谅)， and from that day on he always put his toys nicely in their proper places before he got into bed.
【小题1】when Jack moved into his bedroom, .

A．it needed to be cleaned	B．he found lots of toys
C．he brought lots of toys	D．he put away his toys

【小题2】Why did all the toys refuse to play with Jack?

A．because he always broke them.

B．because he didn’t like them any more.

C．because he only played with his favourite one.

D．because he did’t put them in their proper places.

【小题3】The underlined word “arduous” in Para.4 probably means .

【小题4】The purpose of the text is to tell us that .

A．we should have a good sleep

B．we should be fair to every friend

C．we should treat our friends well

D．we should always keep our rooms tidy

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.?
A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health related behavior is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Grapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.
68．The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because ____.
A．personal health choice helps cure most illness
B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge
C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society
D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health
69．To “live a completely sedentary life style”(L7,Para.1)in the passage means____.
A．to “live an inactive life” B．to “live a decent life”
C．to “live a life with complete freedom” D．to “live a life of vice”
70．Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because ____. ?
A．current medical knowledge is still insufficient
B．there are many factors influencing our decisions
C．few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life
D．people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends
ADC

We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in “Who has played James Bond in the movies?” the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google?

Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.

An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it's so much easier to do so.

Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.

Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.

Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.

So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.

1.Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?

A．To find out who has played James Bond in the movies.

B．To introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage.

C．To show that he knows the answer to the questions.

D．To attract readers’ attention by mentioning James Bond.

2.What is the writer’s attitude towards the rise of technologies like Google and Wikipedia?

A．Supportive B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Neutral

3. Which of the following might the philosopher Andy Clark agree with?

A．Intelligence is something that is made by one’s brain itself.

B．Intelligence is something that only happens inside one’s head.

C．Intelligence is the product of one’s inner thoughts alone.

D．Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one’s brain cells.

4.It is true about the phenomenon called “change blindness” that human beings____.

A．are stupid not to notice the changes

B．are efficient in mental work

C．are blind to changes around them

D．rely on memory when dealing with things

5.According to the text, how do technologies like Google, Wikipedia affect us?

A．They make us much more intelligent.

B．They make us lazier and more stupid.

C．They have little to do with our intelligence.

D．They have a negative effect on our intelligence.

阅读下面的短文，并根据文章后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）

If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.

Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates（暗示、表明）that . Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us.”

So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours is about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.

Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”

1.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)

___________________________________________________________________________

2.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

People shouldn’t go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.

___________________________________________________________________________

3.Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)

___________________________________________________________________________

4.Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the passage against the idea. (Please answer within 30 words)

___________________________________________________________________________

5.Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.

___________________________________________________________________________

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