Question

【题目】阅读理解
D
When a leafy plant is under attack ，it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It's a plant's way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.
（1）What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A.It makes noises.
B.It gets help from other plants.
C.It stands quietly
D.It sends out certain chemicals.
（2）What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A.The attackers get attacked.
B.The insects gather under the table.
C.The plants get ready to fight back.
D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.
（3）Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A.predict natural disasters
B.protect themselves against insects
C.talk to one another intentionally
D.help their neighbors when necessary
（4）what can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The word is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger senses than before
C.The world is more complex than it seems
D.People in Darwin's time were imaginative.

Answer 1

【答案】
（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】这是一篇科普读物，介绍两位科学家Jack Schultz 和Ian Baldwin研究发现多叶植物在收到攻击时会发出易挥发有机化合物（VOC）进行反击，来保护自己活着与周围的植物进行交流。
⑴细节理解。根据第一段young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get可知被昆虫啃咬的枫树会发出一种邻近的植物能得到的特殊的气味。
⑵词义理解。通过理解They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch可知植物会释放出能吸引在啃食该植物的害虫的天敌的香气，一旦它们到来，情况就反转了，啃食者就成为了别人的午餐。故选C。
⑶推理判断。根据第二段第一句Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked和第三段第一句Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away可知植物通过在受到攻击时释放有味的化学物质来让昆虫远离它，所以植物能保护自己不受昆虫攻击。故选B。
⑷推理判断。A.世界变得比以往更快；B.人们比以前有更强的感官；C.世界比表面上看起来更复杂；D.在达尔文的时代的人们是想象力丰富的。根据最后一段可知150多年前的达尔文就说这个世界比我们能看到的听到的更加热闹、更亲密，我们的感官是感受不到的，其实有很多的事情一直在进行着。故选C。