Chinese students aren’t the only ones who have a sleep loss problem. In Australia, teenagers are also missing out on, on average, one hour’s sleep every night during the school week.

   Organized activities and homework push bedtimes later, the first large-scale Australian study of children’s sleeping habits has revealed (显示). Their sleep deprivation (剥夺) is enough to cause “serious drop-offs in school performance, attention and memory”, and governments should consider later or flexible school start times, said the study’s leader, Tim Olds.

   His survey, of more than 4,000 children aged 9 to 18, found those who slept least did not watch more television but spent their time socializing (相处) with family or friends or listening to music.

   “Almost all children get up at 7 or 7:15 — they have to get to school on time,” said Olds. He favors a later start over an earlier finish because he believes organized sports and activities would still consume the latter end of the day.

   Olds’ research also establishes lack of sleep as a cause of weight gain in children, and a possible source of future problems with depression, anxiety and increased susceptibility (易感性) to illness.

   It was already known that overweight children sleep less, but Professor Olds found sleep duration(时长) was strongly linked to weight across the full range of body sizes. The thinnest children sleep 20 minutes more than the obese. This showed being overweight had no specific effect on sleep patterns, and it was more likely that shorter sleep times stimulate (刺激) appetite and make kids hungry.

   The US National Sleep Foundation says teenagers aged 13 to 18 need eight to nine hours’ sleep a night. Younger school-aged kids need 9 to 11 hours.

   On that basis, Professor Olds said, half of Australian children are under-sleeping on weekdays and a quarter on weekends.

46. The Australian students surveyed don’t sleep enough because they spend more time on the following EXCEPT _____.

   A. organized activities and homework

   B. communication with friends and family

   C. watching television programs

   D. enjoying music 

47.  What effects does lack of sleep directly have on the students according to the survey?

   A. They become overweight but begin to eat less than before.

   B. They feel more depressed and anxious about their school work.

   C. They are more likely to be affected with illness in the future.

   D. They pay less attention in class and their memory declines.

48. Which of the following suggestions did Mr. Olds raise?

   A. The students should go to bed earlier to have longer sleeping time.

   B. The students should participate less in organized activities.

   C. The school should put off the start time in the morning.

   D. The school should finish earlier in the afternoon.

49. What does "obese" in the sixth paragraph mean?

A. average        B. fat        C. sleepless        D. overeating

50. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Australian students usually take part in activities in the afternoon.

B. More students are short of sleep on weekends than on weekdays.

C. Being overweight has an effect on the length of the sleeping time.

D. The survey suggests that teenagers need 8-9 hours’ sleep a night.

Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?
The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸).
People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions(反应) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.
Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites(食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye.
Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.
【小题1】Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their              .

A.cultural valuesB.commercial purposes
C.personal experiencesD.physical reactions to the color
【小题2】Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?
A.To relax people physically.
B.To increase people’s appetites.
C.To encourage people to make a purchase.
D.To cause a person’s blood pressure to rise.
【小题3】What color might help lose weight according to the text?
A.RedB.GreenC.Blue.D.Purple.
【小题4】Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?
A.Colors and Human Beings.B.The Cultural Meaning of Color.
C.Colors and Personal Experiences.D.The Meaning and Function of Color.

Ten years ago I used to be very fit (健康的). I rode a bike to work and I got a lot of exercise at weekends. I used to play tennis a lot and go for long walks. In those days I didn’t earn very much. I had a job in an office. It wasn’t a very good job but I had a lot of time to do the things I enjoyed doing.
Then, about eight years ago, I got a much better job. The pay was better, but the hours were a lot longer. I bought a car and drove to work every day. I began to take people out to lunch. And I began to put on weight, too. I stopped playing tennis and going for long walks at weekends because I just didn’t have any time for things like that any more.
There’s a lot of stress in my job. Perhaps that’s why I started drinking more than I used to. For example, I used to have only half a glass of whisky when I got home, but then I started filling my glass to the top, and instead of having one glass, I would have several. I started smoking a lot, too. I never used to smoke at all.
Two months ago I had a heart attack. At first I just couldn’t believe it. Luckily it wasn’t very serious. The doctor advised me to stop smoking and to eat less. He also advised me to work less and get more exercise. But I just haven’t any time! My job takes everything out of me!
Sometimes I wonder if I should get another job. Perhaps I could do something like I used to do. But if I do that, I won’t earn as much. I have a family to support. I have to think of them, too. I just don’t know what I should do. What do you think?
【小题1】The author used to go to work ________

A.on footB.by bikeC.by carD.by train
【小题2】Compared with ten years ago, what is worse for the author now?  d
A.His job.B.His pay.C.His means of transport. D.His health.
【小题3】According to the passage, when the author got the better job, which of the following is NOT true? 
A.He got higher pay.B.His working hours weren’t long.
C.He found it very stressful.D.He had little free time at weekends.
【小题4】After the author had a heart attack, the doctor advised him _____.
A.not to work any longerB.to take a long vacation abroad
C.to work less and take exerciseD.not to eat out any more
【小题5】What can we learn about the author?  
A.The author is not sure what he should do now.
B.The author has taken the doctor’s advice.
C.The author has got another new job.
D.The author feels much better now.

Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?

The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (灾祸).

People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions (反应) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomachaches.

    Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye.

    Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.

    The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.

1. Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their        .

A. cultural values                          B. commercial purposes

C. personal experiences                              D. physical reactions to the color

2.Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?

A. To relax people physically.

B. To increase people’s appetites.

C. To encourage people to buy the goods.

D. To cause a person’s blood pressure to rise.

3.What color might help lose weight according to the text?

 A. Red               B. Green.                 C. Blue.        D. Purple.

4.Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?

A. Colors and Human Beings

B. The Cultural Meaning of Color

C. Colors and Personal Experiences

D. The Meaning and Function of Color

 

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