题目内容
5．We all have a first and last name，or personal and family name．But for many of us，it doesn't stop there．We also have nicknames，（25）which mostly come from our real name．Some of them are obvious．Tom is short for Thomas； Sam is short for Samuel．However，there are some nicknames whose origins are more mysterious．
Take the name William （26）as an example．It can be shortened to Will，and also Bill．But how does Bill come from William？During the Middle Ages，people like to change letters to make names easier to pronounce．For example，a hard consonant （辅音） like B is clearer than soft ones like W．Bill sounds much clearer than Will．Interestingly，the people of England even called King William III，（27）who ruled in the 17th century，"King Billy"．
Richard （28）has been（be） a popular name in England for centuries，too．It was commonly shortened to Rich and Rick to save time．Also like the name William，people liked to make rhyming names．So Rick became Dick．This nickname became so popular （29）that it is included in an idiom．"Every Tom，Dick or Harry"means everybody!
The （30）most popular（popular） name for English kings has been Henry．England has had eight king Henrys．Yet most of them （31）preferred（prefer） to be called Harry by the people．It is a tradition still held．British Prince Harry's real name is Henry．I wonder （32）whether/if Harry Potter's real name is Henry？
分析 短文主要讲了小名的来源，并介绍了一些比较神秘的名字起源和一些比较流行的小名．
解答 25．which，考查定语从句的引导词，先行词nicknams，引导非限制性定语从句应使用which．
26．as，考查固定搭配take sth．as an example"举…例子来说明"，as是"作为"的意思．
27．who，考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为人King William III，因此引导定语从句使用who．
28．has been，考查谓语，句中有时间状语for centuries，谓语动词应使用现在完成时have done的形式，主语为第三人称单数，故答案为has been．
29．that，考查固定搭配so…that…"如此…以致于…"．
30．most popular，考查形容词的最高级，根据语境表示最流行的英国国王名字，因此使用popular的最高级形式．
31．preferred，考查谓语动词，句子描述的是过去的事实，应使用一般过去时，故答案为preferred．
32．whether/if，考查宾语从句的引导词，根据wonder可知从句引导词应使用"是否"whether或if．
点评 对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．
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3．-Do you know when your mother to pick you up？
-At 11：40am．（ ）
-At 11：40am．（ ）
| A． | had come | B． | is coming | C． | has come | D． | would come |
17．People select news in expectation of a reward．This reward may be either of two kinds．One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what he calls the Reality Principle．For want of better names，we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward．
In general，the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and human interest．Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs，economic matters，social problems，science，education，and health．
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once．A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved．He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder，shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the winning team，laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs．
News of the second kind，however，pays its rewards later．It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance-as，for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and cancer．It has a kind of"threat value．"It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared．When a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work．When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world．
For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable．For example，a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its immediate reward．A coach may read a sports story for its threat value：he may have to play that team next week．A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife reads an account of a party．In any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness．Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward．
In general，the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and human interest．Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs，economic matters，social problems，science，education，and health．
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once．A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved．He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder，shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the winning team，laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs．
News of the second kind，however，pays its rewards later．It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance-as，for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and cancer．It has a kind of"threat value．"It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared．When a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work．When he selects news of the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world．
For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable．For example，a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its immediate reward．A coach may read a sports story for its threat value：he may have to play that team next week．A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting，not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife reads an account of a party．In any given story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness．Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward．
| What news stories do you read？ | |
| Division of news stories | ●People expect to get （66）rewards/rewarded from reading news． ●News stories are roughly divided into two classes． ●Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't． |
| （67）Explanations of the two classes | ●News of immediate reward will seeming take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual（68）involvement． ●Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and （69）share similar feelings with those involved． |
| ●News of delayed reward will make readers suffer，or present a （70）threat to them． ●News of delayed reward will induce the reader to （71）prepare for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to （72）withdraw from the reality． | |
| Unstable boundaries of the two classes | ●What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their（73）profession（s）/intention． ●Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and （74）adapt themselves to the reality． ●Thus，the division，on the whole，（75）dependson the reader． |