The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.

History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries. Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.

In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,” the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.

Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

1.According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism? ________

A. It introduces different cultural values.

B. It relates artistic values to local conditions.

C. It explains the history of artistic works.

D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.

2.In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that__________.

A. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts

B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart

C. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries

D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures

3.According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because__________.

A. they are results of scientific study

B. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature

C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists

D. they establish some general principles of art

4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? ________

A. Are Popular Arts Permanent?

B. Are Artistic Values Universal?

C. Is Human Nature Uniform?

D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?

Parents usually go to malls to find new school supplies for their children. One of the most important things to get during this time is the backpack. Most students choose to bring a backpack because it allows them to have both hands free. This makes the bag less likely to hinder (妨碍)other activities that the person carrying it may be doing at the same time. Here are the ways parents can choose the perfect backpack for school.

How many books will children be carrying to school? How many notebooks should be inside the bag? Parents should know these details before buying a bag for their children. Each situation requires a different bag so it pays to ask children about the expected load.

Do children need special storage for the bag? If they will be carrying a laptop computer inside the new backpack, make sure that parents get a model that’s designed specifically for laptop use. This will protect the computer from bumps and falls that might damage the device if it had less protection.

Are children going to use the bag for a long time? If they want to use a bag for a long time,parents will be better off investing in a good brand that is known for quality. Parents may have to pay extra cash to get the top of the line and the best backpack in the market.

Count the pockets. Backpacks usually come with a lot of pockets, and generally, the more pockets, the better. This allows children to organize their things, like pens and pencils inside small pockets.

Picking the perfect school backpack is all about getting the sweet compromise (折中)between form, function and price. Remember to choose the best fit for children’s needs.

1.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A. Parents should find out how many books their children have.

B. Parents must ask teachers for help before buying a backpack.

C. Parents should know the weight of things that will go inside the backpack.

D. Parents must ask their children’s requirements when buying a backpack.

2.The underlined word “bumps” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to“ ”.

A. knocks B. jumps C. stands D. beats

3.Which of the following can we know from the text?

A. Picking a backpack is very easy to do.

B. It’s better for children to have a backpack that has more pockets.

C. The backpacks that have a good brand are more popular with children.

D. Parents always feel worried when buying a backpack for their children.

完形填空

请阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

Each week, I give my elderly neighbor a ride to the store when I am going. She keeps trying to_______ me for the ride, and I always _______refusing. I tell her that it doesn’t cost any more for her to _______ with me and it is_______for me to do this.

Last week ,she brought a(n) _______ and said happily, “I have something for you and you must accept it.” I said. “If there is money in it, I don’t want it.” But she _______ it o a stand. Later, I opened it to find a “thank you” card with _______ in it. That night, I stopped at her house to give a plate of _______ fried chicken that I had. I took an envelope and put the $ 10 _______ it along with a “ _______ ”card. When leaving, I felt it _______ in her door.

The next day, she paid a(n) _______ to my home to return my _______ , she said, “Look, I know you put that letter in my door this morning, didn’t you?” I had_______ forgotten about it, and I thought from the sincere _______ o my face, she believed me when I said that I hadn’t put any letter in her door that morning. Actually, it was the night before, _______ I thought I wasn’t lying. She went on to _______ the envelope and enclosed(装人)the “smile” _______ , and told me how she was blessed with so many good things lately. I told her that I was so _______ for her, and that I hope she _______ to be so blessed.

1.A. cost B. pay C. spend D. take

2.A. keep B. admit C. enjoy D. stop

3.A. climb B. walk C. ride D. run

4.A. important B. useful C. troublesome D. convenient

5.A. envelope B. choice C. basket D. chance

6.A. lied B. laid C. contributed D. expressed

7.A. $ 1 B. $ 10 C. $ 100 D. $ 20

8.A. dark B. bright C. extra D. familiar

9.A. off B. about C. from D. in

10.A. smile B. love C. flower D. hug

11.A. appeared B. drawn C. placed D. written

12.A. attention B. fine C. reward D. visit

13.A. bike B. pen C. coat D. plate

14.A. completely B. extremely C. roughly D. calmly

15.A. mark B. look C. impression D. wound

16.A. if B. because C. so D. otherwise

17.A. defend B. direct C. disturb D. describe

18.A. stamp B. card C. letter D. book

19.A. surprised B. sorry C. happy D. sad

20.A. continues B. challenges C. rejects D. expects

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