题目内容

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　　What makes a person a scientist?Does he have ways－or tools－of learning that are different from those of others?The answer is“no”．It is not the tool a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which makes him a scientist．You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter．You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate(调查), how to discover information, is important to everyone．This scientist, however, goes one step further：he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his question and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons．He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works．

　　The scientist's knowledge must be exact．There is no room for half right or right just half the time．He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit．What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times．If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions．

　　This is one reason that investigations are important in science．Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics．The accuracy(正确性)of his mathematics was tested through investigations．Einstein's ideas were shown to be correct．A scientist uses many tools for measurements．Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations．

(1)

What, according to the passage, makes a scientist?

[　　]

A．

The tools he uses．

B．

His ways of learning．

C．

The way he uses his tools．

D．

The various tools he uses．

(2)

“…knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone．”

The author says this to show ________

[　　]

A．

the importance of information

B．

the importance of thinking

C．

the difference between scientists and ordinary people

D．

the difference between carpenters and ordinary people

(3)

A sound scientific theory should be one that ________．

[　　]

A．

works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times

B．

leaves no room for improvement

C．

does not allow any change even under different conditions

D．

can be used for many purposes

(4)

What is the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．

Scientists are different from the ordinary people．

B．

The theory of relativity．

C．

Exactness is the score of science．

D．

Exactness and way of using tools is the key to the making of a scientist．

答案：1．C;2．C;3．A;4．D;
解析：

(1)

细节题．根据“It is not the tool a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which makes him a scientist．”可知，科学家的不同之处在于他们使用工具的方式与常人不一样．

(2)

推断题．根据本句…that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone和后面的一句This scientist, however, goes one step further：he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his question and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons可以推断，作者在这里是想要说明科学家和普通人的区别所在．

(3)

细节题．根据What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times可以知道答案．

(4)

主旨大意题．第一段讲到了科学家与普通人的区别，最后一段讲到了准确是科学的本质．故D最佳．


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　　To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely strory the Christians(基督教徒)ever cooked up．For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil(邪恶的)．So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be eden, ever jumped to be the obvious conclusion．Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut o the door of Europeans．

　　What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was the to have come from Hell(地狱)．What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots w looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits．Tough the tomato and the man were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population consio them one and the same, to terrible to touch．

　　Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the We people continued to drag their feet．In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert that the most interestinig part of an afternoon tea at her father's house had been the “introduction this wonderful new fruit-or is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth century some writers classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an”evil fruit”．

　　But in the end tomatoes carried the day．The hero of the tomato was an American named R Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hun of miles to watch him drop dead．”Wha are you afraid of?”he shouted．”I'll show you fools these things are good to eat!” Then he bit into the tomato．Some people fainted．But he sur and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory．

(1)

The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because ________．

[　　]

A．

it made Christive evil

B．

it was the apple of Eden

C．

it came from a forbidden land

D．

it was religiously unacceptable

(2)

What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3?

[　　]

A．

The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down

B．

There was little pregress in the study of the tomato

C．

The tomato was still refused in most western countries

D．

Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato

(3)

What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato Publicly?

[　　]

A．

To manke imself a hero

B．

To remove people's fear of the tomaoto

C．

To speed up the popularityt of the tomato

D．

To persuade people to buy products fo\rom his factory

(4)

What is the main purpose of the passage?

[　　]

A．

To challenge people's fixed concept of the tomato

B．

To give an explanation to people's dislike of the tomato

C．

To present the change of people's attitudes to the tomato

D．

To show the process of freeing the tomato from religious influence

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