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阅读理解
     Unlike Britain, the US does not have a national health care service. Most people buy medical
insurance to help pay for medical care. The government  only helps pay for some medical care for
the old and the people who are on low incomes. The problems of those who cannot afford insurance
have become an important political subject.
     In Britain, when people are ill, they usually go to a family doctor first. However, people in America
sometimes go straight to an expert. Children are usually taken to a doctor who is an expert in the
treatment of children. In Britain, if a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, their family doctor will
usually recommend a specialist,  which will save more time and money both for the patients  and the
public fund (基金).  
     In Britain, doctors  do not go to people's homes when they are ill. People always make
appointments to see the doctor in the doctor's office. In a serious situation, people call for an
ambulance. In America, hospitals must treat all seriously ill patients, even if they do not have medical
insurance. The government will then help pay for some of the cost of the medical care.
1.  The majority of Americans pay for medical care ________.
A.  through the national health care service
B.  by buying medical insurance
C.  with the help of the government
D.  by increasing their income
2.  The author implies in Paragraph 2 that ________.
A.  Americans don't trust family doctors
B.  family doctors are helpless to the patients
C.  he is more in favor of the British medical care service
D.  sick children should go to family doctors first
3.  In the States, seriously ill patients will ________.
A.  be treated if they have an insurance
B.  go to see the doctor by making an appointment
C.  receive treatment even without insurance
D.  normally go to see an expert for treatment
4.  Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A.  Health Care in the United States and Britain
B.  Types of Doctors in the United States
C.  Treatment of Sick Children in the United States
D.  Medical Insurance in the United States and Britain
1-4: BCCA
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     Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress. They include deep breathing and a method
of guided thought called meditation. They also include exercise, eating healthy foods, getting enough
rest and balancing the time  1  ( spend)working and playing.
     Exercise is one of   2    most effective stress-reduction measures. Running, walking or playing sports
causes physical changes  3  make you feel better. Exercise also improves the body's defense system  4  
disease. And studies have found that   5  helps protect against a decrease in mental ability.
     Doctors say deep, slow breathing is also helpful. Many  6  (medicine ) studies have shown that
clearing the mind through quiet meditation  7   (help ) you become calm. This causes lower blood
pressure, reduces muscle tension   8  decreases heart rate.
     Experts also say keeping stress to yourself can make problems  9  ( bad ). Researchers have linked
the failure   10  identify and express emotions to many health conditions. These include eating disorders,
fear disorders and high blood pressure.    (160)
     We all need physical exercise.Exercise uses up food we eat and keeps the body full of
energy.It works your muscles and makes your heart work hard so as to send blood to your
muscles.So,exercise makes your heart and muscles strong.Exercise also makes you feel
refreshed.If you exercise a couple of times a week,you will stay happy and healthy.
     Some Western countries,such as the United States,have problems with exercise.In the US,
many people don't have enough exercise because it is hard for them.People have to work
from dawn till dusk,so they don't have time to take exercise.They work in office buildings
sitting in chairs all day long in front of computers.They cannot get much exercise sitting at desk
passively.
     Some Westerners can get exercise walking from their homes to work.However,the majority
of people cannot do this.It is too far from their homes to their offices.They have no choice but
to drive to work.In fact,some have to drive one or two hours to their offices.This is unfavourable
in two ways.First,these people don't have a chance to exercise because they are sitting in
their cars for two to four hours each day.Second,driving is challenging especially in rush hours
and calls for too much attention.It makes a person worn out.So,when these people arrive home
at night,they don't have the desire to take exercise after work.
     Today,many people in the West are overweight,which causes health problems for them.
Doctors say exercise can help people both lose weight and improve their health.So many
people are trying to get more exercise.But it takes time to change,and when people don't
see a difference right away,they will lose heart and stop exercising.



阅读理解。
     Downing the last drop of an expensive famous brand H2O as weIl as remembering to
throw the empty bottle in the recycling bin.makes you feel pretty good about yourself, right?
It shouldn't. Even when the bottles are recycled, there are all kinds of otherconsequences of
swallowing bottled water, says Melissa Peffers, the air-quality program manager for
Environmental Defense.
    The containers are often filled in foraway lands, then shipped from abroad,and stored in
refrigerators at your local store. Compare that with the influence on environment of turning
on your tap ,filling a glass,and drinking up!
    Anyone who is choosing bottled water for health reasons ismisguided,says Peffers,"Most
bottled water is just tap water." And what comes out of your tap is carefully monitored to
follow the strictrules. Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive.
especially when compared with the altemative,which is almost free ,andit is astonishing that
America's desire for bottled water seems impassibleto satisfy,reaching nearly 30 billion
bottles a year.
    "My parents' generation never  had  bottled water, "saysIsabelle Silverman,an
Environinental Defense legal adviser. She hasmade a commitment to going bottle free."You
don't need to fetch ithome from the store,and it's cheaper, " she adds
Bottled water's role as a status symbol needs to change,Pefferspoints out. So when a waiter
at an expensive restaurant offers"Andwhat's your drink?"that's no reason to forget your
conviction(信念). "Don't be afraid to say,'I'll have tap.' Say it loud enoughthat the other
tables nearby can hear you,"Peffers says,"And thenspend that money on a dessert. "
1. In the first paragraph,the underlined sentence"It shouldn't."suggest that people________.
A. shouldn't feel pleased with finishing the water in the bottle
B. shouldn't feel good about drinkinl an expensive brand H2O
C. shouldn't be content with just recycling empty bottles
D. shouldn't be satisfied with drinking only bottled water
2. According to the author, tap water is_________. 
A. as safe as bottled water
B. more likely to be polluted
C. healthier than bottled water
D. less convenient than bottled water
3. The underlined part"going bottle free"(in Paragraph 4)means"______". 
A. making bottled water free
B. abandoning bottled water
C. recycling used water bottles
D. providing free water containers
4. Why does Peffers ask people to say"I'll have tap."loudly?
A. To encourage them to set an example for others to follow.
B. To advise them to save the money for one more dessert.
C. To remind them to be aware of their social status.
D. To persuade them to speak confidently in public.
阅读理解
     You may know all about vitamin C, but do you know why vitamin D is also important to your body?
Experts from the Children's Hospital in Boston, US, have said that some teens don't get enough of 
this important nutrient. Vitamin D is necessary for developing healthy bones. It is produced by the body 
with the help of sunlight. It can also be found in certain foods and drinks, such as livers (肝脏) and eggs. 
However, it is difficult to get enough vitamin D from food alone, which means enjoying the sunshine is 
very important. 
     The doctors who ran the study tested 307 teenagers to discover how much vitamin D was in their 
blood. 
     They found that 74 of the children tested nearly 25 per cent had vitamin D deficiency (缺乏). 
Of those 74, 14 were severely short of the nutrient. The doctors also found that the amount of the 
vitamin found in a child's blood was affected by a number of factors. Vitamin D levels drop in winter, 
probably because less time is spent outside in the sunlight. Diet was also a key factor as well. Even skin 
color has an influence, as people with darker skin find it more difficult to produce the vitamin. 
     Vitamin D deficiency can lead to many health problems for both children and adults. It is also believed
that low levels of it can cause depression (抑郁).
1. Vitamin D is important to your body in the way that it ______.
A. helps to keep your liver work normally
B. helps to build your bones
C. helps to produce fresh blood
D. helps to take in nutrient from food
2. We know from this passage that ______.
A. 25 percent of the teenagers in the world have vitamin D deficiency
B. vitamin D plays an important role in a child's blood
C. sunshine is one factor in gaining vitamin D for a human 
D. the darker your skin is, the more vitamin D you'll get
3. The best title for the passage would be  ______.
A. Vitamin D and Your Blood
B. Where to Find Vitamin D
C. Teenagers and Vitamin D
D. Don't Hide from the Sunshine
阅读理解。

     We all know that certain oils are healthier than others, but your oil health goes beyond just the type.
The health of your oil can be related to how you use it too.
     Each type of oil has what is called a "smoke point". The smoke point is the specific temperature at
which the oil starts to break down, or in more technical terms, its molecular structure begins to change.
These molecular changes result in changes in flavor, as well as changes in nutritional value-specifically,
the nutritional value of the oil starts to reduce, changing what once may have been considered an
especially healthy oil, like olive, into one that is unhealthy.
     The higher an oil's smoke point is, the higher the temperature of the oil can be.As a result, each type
of oil should be used for the cooking method that is most appropriate to its individual smoke point and

heat tolerance.Here is a quick guide for the next time you reach for your favorite oil.

     Note that the above table represents oils that are refined (精炼的). Most oils we buy are refined.
Refine d oils tend to have much higher smoke points than when they are unrefined.They also differ in
nutrition and flavor.Unrefined oils are more nutritious and they tend to be much richer in flavor.
     When it comes to extremely high heat cooking,always choose oils which are refined.

1. What determines whether an oil is healthy or not?
A. Whether it's refined or not.  
B. Its smoke point.
C. Its molecule. 
D. How you use it.
2. Which of the following might be a better choice to make a healthy salad?
A. Refined walnut oil.  
B. Safflower oil.
C. Unrefined olive oil.  
D. Sunflower oil.
3. Healthy oil can become unhealthy if________ according to the passage.
A. you keep it for too long
B. it is heated well beyond its smoke point
C. it is refined
D. its flavor is changed
阅读理解。
     America is a country on the move. In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to
better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularly-up 12 percent
from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they
would be more attractive and confident if they were more active.
     It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage
stamps, and television ads of everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did
not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of' doing
regular physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong
interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have
discovered equally rewarding-and sometimes safer- forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running
remains the most popular form of exercise.
     As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key
to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (强有力地) enough to approximately double the
heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more
a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.
1. It can be learnt from the passage that the health benefits of exercise ____.
A. are to be further studied
B. are self-evident
C. are yet to be proved
D. are supported by scientific evidence
2. A growing interest in sports developed after ____.
A. an increasing number of races were held in American cities
B. research showed their health benefits
C. scientific evidence of health benefits was shown on TV ads
D. people got the message from magazine covers and postage stamps
3. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Exercise-The Road to Health
B. Scientific Evidence of Health Benefits
C. Different Forms of Exercise
D. Running-A Popular Form of Sport
4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase "leveled off" in the paragraph 2?
A. Reached its lowest level in popularity.
B. Stopped being popular.
C. Stopped increasing in popularity.
D. Become very popular.
阅读理解
     Wherever life takes you after A-level results day, it's likely to bring increased independence. That
means it's time to take care of yourself.
     Students, take note. When you arrive at university, make sure you register with a doctor near your
term-time address. If there is a university doctor at your institution, they will be your best choice. If not,
ask student services for a recommendation. Once registered, do everything you can to make sure you
never have to pay them a visit. Don't take unnecessary health risks.
     Cook meat thoroughly. Throw food away if it's out of date. Clean up after yourself. Food poisoning
can be harmful, but it's easy to avoid if you pay due care and attention.
     University often brings a certain lifestyle, and while that's usually a whole lot of fun, it can quickly tip
into a whole lot of sorrow. Know your limits when it comes to alcohol. Habitual drinking can be
dangerous, and while every student will have nights of excess, these should be the exception, not the
norm. Look out for your friends, too. If you're worried about alcohol or substance abuse, visit
alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk <http://alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk> or ukna.org http://ukna.org
for free and confidential support.
     Anyone living with teenagers and young adults, especially in environments such as halls of residence,
must accept that germs (细菌) will be shared. Bugs and colds will spread like wildfire. Living
communally brings certain health risks, and meningitis is probably the most serious of these. Symptoms
include a rash, stiff neck and an aversion to bright lights. It's rare, but seek immediate medical attention
if you're concerned (meningitis.org <http://meningitis.org>).
     Gappers, meanwhile, may need to consider specific health risks. If you're planning a trip abroad,
especially in rural areas of poor countries, make sure you get the necessary vaccinations (预防注射) in
good time before you leave.
     Research these at www.netdoctor.co.uk <http://www.netdoctor.co.uk>. You should be able to get everything you need from your doctor, although you may have to give them notice and you may have to pay, even on the NHS (英国国家医疗服务体系). If you also need to take medication while you're away, such as anti-malarials, do it faithfully.
      On a general note, whoever you are, wherever you are and whatever you do with your time, never walk alone at night, especially in quiet and badly lit areas. Always carry your phone. Never get in an unlicensed cab. Be careful who you trust. Respect your new independence, and keep yourself safe.
1. This passage is mainly intended for the students _________.
A. who enjoy university life
B. who live outside the campus
C. who are going to university
D. who want to keep fit at university
2. The underlined word "meningitis" in Paragraph 5 probably refers to _________.
A. a system about health risks
B. a serious infectious illness
C. anti-malaria medicine
D. wide-spread germs and bugs
3. If students want to remove their worries about certain symptoms, they can visit ________.
A. www.netdoctor.co.uk http://www.netdoctor.co.uk
B. ukna.org <http://ukna.org>
C. alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk http://alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk
D. meningitis.org <http://meningitis.org>
4. Which of the following statements is true? 
A. Students are allowed to take medication even when they are away. 
B. Students have to register with a doctor for free medical care.
C. Students prefer to live in environments such as halls of residence. 
D. Students have to avoid health and security risks to be independent.
阅读理解。
     Anger is good for you, as long as you control it, according to new psychology research. A
new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative
impacts of stress and help you become healthier.
     "Here getting emotional is not bad for you if you look at the case of anger," said Jennifer
     Lerner of Carnegie Mellon. "The more people display anger, the lower their stress responses."
     Lerner studied 92 UCLA students by asking them to count back from 6,200. They must say outloud
every thirteenth number. Researchers disturbed them by asking them to count faster or ask
them other questions. If they made any mistakes, they had to restart from the very beginning.
     Many students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry.
     Lerner used a hidden video camera and recorded all their facial expressions during the test.
     The researchers describe their reactions as fear, anger and disgust.
     Other researchers recorded the students' blood pressure, pulse and production of a high-stress
hormone (荷尔蒙) called cortisol. People whose faces showed more fear during the experiment had
higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone. Both can have lasting effects such as
diabetes (糖尿病), heart disease, depression and extra weight gain.
     When people feel fear, negative impacts increase, but when they get angry, those negatives
go down, according to the study.
     "Having that sense of anger leads people to actually feel some power in what otherwise is
maddening (令人发狂的) situation," Lerner said.
     Lerner previously studied Americans' emotional response to the 911 terrorist attacks two
months after the incident. She found people who reacted with anger were more optimistic. These
people are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the event. So in maddening
situations, anger is not a bad thing to have. It's a healthier response than fear.
1. What is the story mainly about?
A. The findings of new psychology research.  
B. What you can do with anger in certain cases.
C. Different effects produced by anger and fear.
D. Healthier responses in maddening situations.
2. Which statement will Jennifer Lerner agree with?  
A. It's better to be angry than to be frightened.    
B. Different reactions reflect different outlooks on life.   
C. Don't control your anger and it makes you powerful.   
D. Pessimistic people are generally healthier.
3. What does the underlined word "both" refer to according to the passage?
A. Fear and anger.              
B. Blood pressure and pulse.
C. Blood pressure and cortisol.    
D. Higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone.
4. In what way can anger be beneficial to people?

A. By showing their optimistic side.            
B. By reducing their stress.
C. By reducing high blood pressure.            
D. By taking the place of fear.

5. The researchers irritated (激怒) the students by ______. 
A. recording their performance secretly    
B. asking them to count to 6,200 again and again
C. disturbing them and making them start all over again
D. criticizing them when they made mistakes