题目内容

阅读理解
     Edward Wilson is America's, if not the world's, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us
on a tour of the world's natural resources (资源). How are they used? What has been lost? What
remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to
understand fully the biodiversity (生物多样性) of our earth.
     Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (环境) protection, Henry David
Thoreau. He compares today's Walden Pond with that of Thoreau's day. Wilson will use such
comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over
the years. Can the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to
support us in the future?
     Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our
agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species (物种) are the basis of our food
supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten
thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural
homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.
      At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the
environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this
book.

1. We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about ______.

A. the environment for plants
B. the biodiversity of our earth
C. the waste of natural resources
D. the importance of human values

2. How many species are most important to our present food supply?

A. Twenty.  
B. Eighty.
C. One hundred.  
D. Ten thousand.

3. Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to ______.

A. learn how to farm scientifically
B. build homes for some dying species
C. make it clear what to eat
D. use more species for food

4. We can infer that the text is ________.
A. a description of natural resources
B. a research report
C. a book review
D. an introduction to a scientist
1-4: BADC
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阅读理解。
     You probably know that you can lose weight by limiting certain foods. But if you're
an emotional eater, you'll still turn to food if you don't deal with your feelings.
     Basically, emotional eating is eating for reasons other than hunger.In other words, rather
than reach for food because your body needs it, you are addicted because your emotions
need to be satisfied. Instead of the gradual urge you get when you're physically hungry,
emotional eating strikes you suddenly.Instead of filling the emotional empty space with
healthy choices, emotional eaters use food for comfort, ice cream or chocolate for women
and steak and French fries for men.
     Besides blowing up your stomach, emotional eating does harm to your mind. When
you eat for physical reasons you don't feel guilty.But when you grab for food when you're
not even hungry, just because you're feeding your emotions, you feel guilty afterward.
     A good rule of thumb when you're lured(诱惑)into emotional eating is to remember
to HALT.
     "H" is for hungry-Sometimes you can feel physical hunger when you're on the point
of an emotional eating.But rather than reaching for those comfort foods loaded with fats,
and sugar, make better choices such as proteins, fruits and vegetables.
     "A" is for anxious-It's easy to fall into emotional eating when you're worried and tense.
Rather than turning to food, do whatever work to calm your nerves.Call a friend, pray, or
keep a record of your feelings.Just don't reach into the fridge.
     "L" is for lonely-Too often emotional eaters use food for companionship.Instead of
comforting yourself with food, join a group of caring people who understand your problem.
Twelvestep groups such as Overeaters Anonymous are excellent for connecting with
others who struggle with you the same food addictions as you do.Not only will you receive
tools for recovery, but you'll also realize you're not alone.
     "T" is for tired-When exhausted, either physically or emotionally, emotional eaters turn
to food. Instead, get some rest or eat something good for you.
     Most importantly, find out the reason(s) why you overeat.It's not so much what you
eat, but what's eating you.Unless you get to the root of why you overeat you won't
conquer your food addiction.
                                                     Emotional Eating
1.________         ★Eating for emotional reasons other than hunger
Symptoms
    ★Reaching for food not because of physical needs, but because of 2._______
★Getting struck suddenly instead of the gradual urge from hunger
          ★Turning to 3.________like ice cream and chocolate, or steak and French fries
4.________
★ Blowing up your stomach
                 ★ Making you 5.________ afterward
Possible
causes
★Feeling physically hungry
★Being worried and tense
★6.________
                      ★Being exhausted
Suggestions
★Turn to healthy foods with little 7.________.
        ★Call a friend, pray, or write down your feelings to 8.________.
             ★Join groups of caring people or connect yourself with people
9.________the same problem with you.
★Get more rest.
                 ★Above all, find out the reasons for 10.________.
阅读理解。
                                                        Save the Animals
     Animals are natural resources(资源) that people have wasted all through our history.
     Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers(羽毛), for food, for sport, and simply because
they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds
more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.
     Why should people care? Because we need animals. And because once they are gone, there will
never be any more.
      Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every
animal has its place in the balance (平衡) of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many
problems.
     For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks(鹰), the farmers' stores of corn and grain
were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice. With no hawks to keep
down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied(繁殖) quickly.
    Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people
know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger.
     Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid(禁止) the killing of any animal or plant on
the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.
1. Animals are important to us mainly because __________.
A . they give us a source of food    
B. they are beautiful and lovely
C. they keep the balance of nature  
D. they give us a lot of pleasure
2. What has happened to the animals on the earth?
A. About 170 kinds of animals have disappeared forever.
B. Thousands of kinds of animals are gone forever.
C. A few kinds of animals have died out.
D. All kinds of animals are in danger.
3. Why do people kill animals?
A. They kill animals for something they need.
B. They kill animals to raise some money.
C. Animals destroy their natural resources.
D. Animals create many problems
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? 
A. People care much about animals because they need them.
B. Killing all rats and mice may cause some new problems.
C. Once a certain kind of animal is gone forever, there will never be any more.
D. People must not kill any animal or plant.
5. What can we conclude from the fact that quite a few countries have passed laws protecting animals in
danger?
A. Animals in danger will be kept away from people.
B. Animals in danger will not be killed any more.
C. The number of some animals in danger will increase.
D. Every person will know the importance of protecting wild animals
A. A new pair of ears
B. An author and his research
C. Electronic everlastingness
D. Computers that speak
E. A new pair of eyes
F. Treatment for Parkinson's disease
1. _______
Medical scientists are already putting computer chips directly into the brain to help people with Parkinson's disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is the author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world's best computer research
scientists. He is researching the possibilities.
2. _______
Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual hostess of
Kurzweil's homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their
own conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.
3._______
Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing
machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world", he explains.
Blind people will use a visual sensor which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the people everything it sees.
4._______
Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize
millions of words and understand any speaker. This listening machine will also be able to translate into
other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
5._______
But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future, Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably
won't be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our minds will be able to live forever.
阅读理解
     Cancer is feared by everyone. And there is more and more fear about cancer. Not the disease
itself -there is no such thing as a high incidence rates (发生率)of cancer . Except for lung cancer,
mostly caused by cigarette smoking ,the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds
of cancer are decreasing.   But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an
anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or
less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things
in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is
"cleaned up." This is not at all the meaning.
     The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer
in various societies around the world - for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and
the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and
the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America.
These data shows there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal
life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities - that is
all the data suggests. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly
the same everywhere.

1.  According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.

A. to be based on inactive life style
B. to be due to anxiety
C. to result from environmental influences
D. to be caused by heavy smoking

2. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer's opinion about the relationship  between
    cancer and environment is_____.

A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. approving

3. According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____.

A. cancer risk is on the rise
B. the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen
C. the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people think
D. cancer can be cured sooner or later

4. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?

A. Cancer and Environment
B. The Fear Caused by Cancers
C. Data on Cancer Incidence
D. Cancer and its Investigation
阅读理解。
     An overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. The
body's cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald's hamburger. American doctors' TV ad features the
image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line "I was lovin' it".
     The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered
McDonald's by taking an unusually direct shot at the world's biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is
a twist on McDonald's long-standing advertising slogan, "I'm lovin' it" and a voice-over intones, "High
cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian."
     The commercial, funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM), goes further
than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger
multinational and the broader restaurant industry.
     The National Restaurant Association criticized it as "irresponsible" and said it was an attempt to scare the
public with a "limited" view of nutrition. A McDonald's spokesman said,"This commercial is unbearable,
misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald's trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices
that are right for them."
     The commercial, to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in further US cities,
comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obama, has
made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets-
particularly among American children, a third of whom are overweight.
     The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald's has enjoyed a relatively
prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street
restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2.3 billion, powered by sales rises
both in the United States and Britain.
     The PCRM's director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden
arches (拱门):"McDonald's is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches
are instantly recognizable. We feel we're making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald's."
1. The ad-maker makes a change in the McDonald's slogan _____.
A. to warn people of risk of eating fast food
B. to convince people of cause of the death
C. to remind people of the man's preference
D. to accuse McDonald's of the murder
2. The goal of this passage is to tell us that _____.
A. the TV commercial goes too far
B. people enjoy eating fast food for its taste
C. Michelle Obama's campaign doesn't work
D. McDonald's provides unhealthy food
3. The underlined words "the golden arches" in the last paragraph refers to _____.
A. the line
B. the ad
C. McDonald's
D. fast food
4. What is the theme of the passage?
A. A fierce debate about healthy eating
B. McDonald's targeted in US health ad
C. N US health ad advocates healthy life
D. Say goodbye to McDonald's right now
阅读理解。
     People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the
problem of pollution. Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often
artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural
substance , such as oil tankers into the sea.
     The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and
use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the
environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. Many of these waste
products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new
and complex goods are produce there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for
example, the waste products from nuclear power stations. Many people, therefore, see
pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of
industrial production and consumption of goods. Others again see the problem mainly in
connection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more
on their land to feed our ever-increasing populations. However, the land itself is gradually
becoming worn out as it is being used in some cases, too heavily, and artificial fertilizer cannot
restore the balance.
     Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could
be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the
home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or
four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles
or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste
of resources, in term of glass, metals and paper. Advertising has helped this process by
persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away
much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to
solve by cutting out unnecessary buying ,excess consumption and careless disposal of the
products we use in our daily lives.
1. The underlined phrase "disposed of "in the second paragraph means_______.
A. dealt with
B. exposed
C. disapproved of
D. collected
2. In the writer's view ,the more new goods, _______.
A. the less pollution
B. the harder pollution can be prevented
C. the more pollution there will be
D. the more easily pollution can be controlled
3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. We can do much to reduce pollution.
B. The government is trying hard to stop pollution.
C. Individuals know how to get rid of the habit of littering everywhere.
D. We can't stop buying unnecessary things.
4. People can help solve the problem of pollution by _______.
A. urging their governments to control litter and waste
B. making anti-pollution advertisements
C. cutting down the use of oil and other oil products
D. reducing unnecessary buying, over-consumption and careless disposal of wastes
阅读理解
                                           Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress
     Everybody gets stressed time to time.  1    Some ways of dealing with stress -like screaming or hitting
someone一don't solve (解决),much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to
solving your problem or at least feeling better.
     Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed:
     (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk
     To "trusted adult, such as "parent or other relatives.   2    They might have had similar problems, such
as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
     (2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on
themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take
it out on yourself.    3    
    (3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and  friends, it's time
to get down to business.     4     Even if you can't solve it all,you can solve a piece of it.
    (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,
especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but
they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make
your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster.     5    

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
阅读理解。
     In 1986, when Carlo Petrini first coined the term "Slow Food", he organized locally in his native Italy to
preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food.
     Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85 000 members, addressing worldwide issues
like farmer equity and environmental stewardship-the actions people take to respect the rights of all living
things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livable, communities.
     Characterized by Slow Food International as "good, clean, and fair food," slow food must enrich the eater's
life, have no negative impact on human or environmental health, and compensate fairly for food producers'
work. The average American meal travels about 1 500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food
traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country. However, cost for food travel
and heavy processing are not the only problems in the food industry that the environment faces. Industrial
agriculture also has unsustainable practices like inefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. Our ideas in
feeding ourselves are exceptional, but at various points our technologies come into conflict with nature's ways
of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to
our attempts to oversimplify nature's complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain.
     "Slowing" food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce the impact of "food
miles" and develop a closer relationship with their food producers. "We need to change our food system," said
David Prior, organizer of Slow Food Nation's Eat-In. "Our current food system is sick and we need to support
farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has the right to nutritious food."
1. The main idea of the passage can be summarized as _____.
A. why slow food is so important
B. the food and wine culture is rich in Italy
C. what you're eating always travels a long way
D. slow food makes the current food system sick
2. According to the second paragraph, environmental stewardship refers to _____.
A. measures of environmental protections
B. ways to establish healthy and livable communities
C. people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth
D. actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment
3. Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in _____.
A. improving the quality of eater's life
B. providing a fair pay for food workers
C. being friendly to human and environmental health
D. developing a loose relationship with food producers
4. What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system? 
A. Suspicious
B. Unsatisfied
C. Indifferent
D. Supportive

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