某同学设计了如图1所示的装置,利用米尺、秒表、轻绳、轻滑轮、轨道、滑块、托盘和砝码等器材来测定滑块和轨道间的动摩擦因数μ.滑块和托盘上分别放有若干砝码,滑块质量为M,滑块上砝码总质量为m′,托盘和盘中砝码的总质量为m.实验中,滑块在水平轨道上从A到B做初速为零的匀加速直线运动,重力加速度g取10m/s2.                                         

                                 

①为测量滑块的加速度a,须测出它在A、B间运动的                                          ,计算a的运动学公式是         

②根据牛顿运动定律得到a与m的关系为:a=m﹣μg他想通过多次改变m,测出相应的a值,并利用上式来计算μ.若要求a是m的一次函数,必须使上式中的                              保持不变,实验中应将从托盘中取出的砝码置于                                                                                                               ;           

③实验得到a与m的关系如图2所示,由此可知μ=                                 (取两位有效数字).                       

                                                                                                                                       


在探究合力的方法时,先将橡皮条的一端固定在水平木板上,另一端系上带有绳套的两根细绳.实验时,需要两次拉伸橡皮条,一次是通过两细绳用两个弹簧秤互成角度地拉橡皮条,另一次是用一个弹簧秤通过细绳拉橡皮条.                                                                                                                                              

①实验对两次拉伸橡皮条的要求中,下列哪些说法是正确的                    (填字母代号)                 

A.将橡皮条拉伸相同长度即可                                                                                       

B.将橡皮条沿相同方向拉到相同长度                                                                             

C.将弹簧秤都拉伸到相同刻度                                                                                       

D.将橡皮条和绳的结点拉到相同位置                                                                            

②同学们在操作过程中有如下议论,其中对减小实验误差有益的说法是             (填字母代号)                     

A.两细绳必须等长                                                                                                         

B.弹簧秤、细绳、橡皮条都应与木板平行                                                                      

C.用两弹簧秤同时拉细绳时两弹簧秤示数之差应尽可能大                                             

D.拉橡皮条的细绳要长些,标记同一细绳方向的两点要远些.                                      

                                                                                                                                       

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